Results 11 to 20 of about 19,374 (259)
Concepts and Terminologies in 4D Printing [PDF]
Applied Sciences, 2020 4D printing (4DP) is a promising technology that enables additive manufactured parts to be programmed for actuation, reducing the need for external power or electromechanical systems. As this area of research has grown exponentially, this review paper aims to define and establish fundamental concepts and terminologies used in the field of 4DP.
Eujin Pei +2 more
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Review of 4D printing materials and reinforced composites: Behaviors, applications and challenges
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 2021 The introduction of 4D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing industry. Current research indicates that 4D printing, although at a nascent stage, is a promising technology that brings immense benefits that will soon outweigh high initial costs. 4D
Hassan A. Alshahrani
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4D‐Printing of Photoswitchable Actuators
Angewandte Chemie, 2021 AbstractShape‐switching behavior, where a transient stimulus induces an indefinitely stable deformation that can be recovered on exposure to another transient stimulus, is critical to building smart structures from responsive polymers as continue power is not needed to maintain deformations.
Xili Lu +6 more
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Engineering, 2020 The main difference between 3D and 4D printed structures is one extra dimension that is smart evolution over time. However, currently, there is no general formula to model and predict this extra dimension. Here, by starting from fundamental concepts, we derive and validate a universal bi-exponential formula that is required to model and predict the ...
Momeni, Farhang, Ni, Jun
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4D Printing: A Review on Recent Progresses
Micromachines, 2020 Since the late 1980s, additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has been gradually popularized. However, the microstructures fabricated using 3D printing is static.
Honghui Chu +7 more
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Progress in 4D printing of stimulus-responsive composites and its applications
Cailiao gongcheng, 2020 The stimulus-response composite is a kind of intelligent material, which usually possesses the characteristics of self-perception, autonomous response, shape memory, adaptive and self-healing.
ZENG Cheng-jun +4 more
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4D Printing Dual Stimuli-Responsive Bilayer Structure Toward Multiple Shape-Shifting
Frontiers in Materials, 2021 4D printing has been attracting widespread attention because its shape and performance can change under stimuli. The existing 4D printing technology is mostly limited to responsive to single stimulus, which means that the printing structure can only ...
Luquan Ren +11 more
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Significant roles of 4D printing using smart materials in the field of manufacturing
Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, 2021 For many years, 3D Printing technologies have created significant advancements in the fields of engineering and healthcare. 4D printing is also introduced, which is the advanced version of 3D printing.
Abid Haleem +3 more
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Polysaccharide‐based biomaterials in a journey from 3D to 4D printing
Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, 2023 3D printing is a state‐of‐the‐art technology for the fabrication of biomaterials with myriad applications in translational medicine. After stimuli‐responsive properties were introduced to 3D printing (known as 4D printing), intelligent biomaterials with ...
Hanieh Shokrani +8 more
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Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2023 Three-dimensional (3D)/four-dimensional (4D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing or fast prototyping, is a manufacturing technique that uses a digital model to generate a 3D/4D solid product.
Jigar Vyas +4 more
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