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Freezing of air-entrained cement-based materials and specific actions of air-entraining agents
Cement and Concrete Composites, 2003Abstract The freeze–thaw resistance of all cement-based materials is improved by incorporating a fine air bubble system in them. For acceptable life expectancy, incorporated air bubble volume should be about 25% of the cement paste. The specific surface of the air bubble system need to be above 25 mm2/mm3 and a spacing factor below about 0.16 mm ...
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Air Entrainment in Chute and Tunnel Spillways [PDF]
, 1992 In supercritical open channel flows air is entrained at the free surface. This process is called self-aeration. A method to estimate the flow properties is presented. New results on drag reduction in self-aerated flows are developed. It is shown that the mechanisms of drag reduction are associated with the presence of an air concentration boundary ...
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A review of the interference of carbon containing fly ash with air entrainment in concrete
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2008Anker Degn Jensen, K Dam-Johansen
exaly