Results 251 to 260 of about 4,797,624 (302)

Animation of in vitro biomechanical tests

Journal of Biomechanics, 2001
Interdisciplinary communication of three-dimensional kinematic data arising from in vitro biomechanical tests is challenging. Complex kinematic representations such as the helical axes of motion (HAM) add to the challenge. The difficulty increases further when other quantities (i.e. load or tissue strain data) are combined with the kinematic data.
Cripton PA, Sati M, Orr TE, Bourquin Y, Dumas GA, Nolte LP   +5 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Number of animals for sequential testing

Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1993
US regulatory agencies have used six animals in eye irritation tests. Analyses of eye irritation tests on pesticides (n = 48), consumer products and cosmetics (n = 53), Marzulli and Ruggles database (n = 139), and cleaning products and ingredients (n = 30) have greatly extended previous investigations of the merit of reducing animal sample size in the ...
J.A. Springer, W.A. Chambers, S. Green, K.C. Gupta, R.N. Hill, P.M. Hurley, L.A. Lambert, C.C. Lee, J.K. Lee, P.T. Liu, D.K. Lowther, C.D. Roberts, V.M. Seabaugh, N.L. Wilcox   +13 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Contact hypersensitivity: Animal tests

Toxicology in Vitro, 1994
After reviewing general aspects and the historical development of predictive animal skin sensitization tests, the recommended tests of the OECD and EC are discussed. Background information is given on the changes that have occurred during the last 2 yr. Although many factors are known to influence induction and elicitation of contact allergy in animals,
T, Maurer, A, Arthur, P, Bentley
openaire   +2 more sources

Assessing tests of animal consciousness

Consciousness and Cognition, 2022
Which animals have conscious experiences? Many different, diverse and unrelated behaviors and cognitive capacities have been proposed as tests of the presence of consciousness in an animal. It is unclear which of these tests, if any, are valid. To remedy this problem, I develop a list consisting of eight desiderata which can be used to assess putative ...
openaire   +2 more sources

Testing effectiveness of algorithm animation

Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 2002
Studies designed to demonstrate the pedagogic effectiveness of algorithm animation programs have been markedly unsuccessful, in spite of high expectations. We present a framework for future experiments based upon design issues particular to algorithm animation, plus pertinent educational considerations.
Judith S. Gurka, Wayne Citrin
openaire   +2 more sources

The Animal Symbol in the Rorschach Test, and an Animal Association Test

Rorschach Research Exchange, 1945
(1945). The Animal Symbol in the Rorschach Test, and an Animal Association Test. Rorschach Research Exchange: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 8-22.
openaire   +1 more source

Beyond Animal Testing Index: Benchmarking tool for a world beyond animal testing [PDF]

ALTEX
While the original definition of replacement focuses on the replacement of the use of animals in science, a more contemporary definition focuses on accelerating the development and use of predictive and robust models, based on the latest science and technologies, to address scientific questions without the use of animals.
Krul, C., Moor, A. de, Stegmeijer, K., Stoop, R., Luijk, J. van, Prins, J.B.   +5 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Pulmonary Function Testing in Animals

2018
Nanoparticles possess a number of useful properties that make them useful for a variety of industrial and commercial applications. The small size of nanoparticles means that they are respirable and can penetrate deep into the lung when inhaled. Because of this, there is interest in assessing possible toxic effects of nanoparticles on the respiratory ...
Gary W, Hoyle, Connie F, Schlueter, Sadiatu, Musah   +2 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Are Animal Tests Inherently Valid?

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2004
The proposition that animal tests are inherently valid, merely because they are animal tests, is discussed and is rejected. It is concluded that there is no justifiable reason for subjecting new or substantially modified animal test procedures or testing strategies to a validation process that is any less stringent than that applied to non-animal tests
openaire   +2 more sources

TRADITIONAL ANIMAL SCREENING TESTS

Acta Endocrinologica, 1974
ABSTRACT It is fundamental that before new chemicals may enter the environment of man, they should seem to be (i) desirable and (ii) reasonably safe. Although new chemicals should be treated as separate entities, there is little evidence in general terms to suggest that there is an alternative to screening tests in intact animals, despite the ...
openaire   +2 more sources