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Shells of atoms

Physics Reports, 1996
Abstract It is interesting to consider how a solid evolves during the earliest stages of growth. The atoms reorganize into a completely new structure each time an atom is added when a cluster is very small. However, this cannot go on indefinitely. Eventually, a preferred symmetry becomes frozen into the cluster.
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Shell-confined hydrogen atom

The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2005
Calculations of electronic energy and static dipole polarizability are reported for the hydrogen atom in the ns states (n=1–6) confined between two impenetrable concentric spheres of inner and outer radii placed at the locations of the radial nodes corresponding to the free hydrogen ns (n=2–7) orbitals.
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Generalized oscillator strengths for open-shell and closed-shell atoms

Physical Review A, 2003
A formula, which is a useful improvement over existing ones, has been obtained to calculate the generalized oscillator strengths (GOS's) for the discrete transitions of both open-shell and closed-shell atoms. We illustrate our formula by calculating the GOS for the oxygen 2p{sup 4}({sup 3}P)-2p{sup 3}({sup 4}S)3s({sup 3}S) transition and obtain overall
ZHIFAN CHEN   +2 more
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Photoionisation processes in the 5d, 6s and 6p shells of atomic lead and the 4d shell of atomic tin

Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, 1984
Photoionisation processes in the 5d, 6s and 6p shells of atomic lead and the 4d shell of atomic tin have been investigated. Of interest were the occurrence of individual photoelectron lines as a consequence of electron correlation and relativistic effects, and the angular distribution of dominant lines in these spectra. The analysis of the experimental
Derenbach, Heinz   +3 more
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The shell structure of atoms

Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, 1976
The radial density D(r) is computed from analytical Hartree-Fock wavefunctions for the first 54 elements of the periodic table. The calculations exhibit the familiar picture of spherical shells of electron density for the first three periods but for the fourth and fifth periods an ambiguity in the shell structure is observed. This ambiguity is analysed
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Collective Excitations in Atomic Shells

Physica Scripta, 1982
Collective excitations in atomic shells are studied with Xe and Cs as an example. The starting point of our method is the active part of the self-consistent charge density of the 4d105s25p6 electrons in Xe and of the 4d105s25p66s1 electrons in Cs. The active charge density is homogeneously smeared out within the shell R1 < r < R2, where the radii R1 ...
W Ekardt, D B Tran Thoai
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K-shell Ionization of Atoms

Physica Scripta, 2003
The total cross-sections of electron impact single K-shell ionization of C, N, O, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ga, Ge and Zr atoms are computed using the previously propounded relativistic and non-relativistic BED, relativistic DM and Gryzinski models. We also propose a hybrid RDM model combining the relativistic component of the Gryzinski model with the non ...
M Alfaz Uddin, A K Basak
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Atomic shells according to ionization energies

Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2019
This article relies only on experimental data rather than getting involved with theories, calculations, approximations, or interpolations. Experimental ionization energies of all atoms in the periodic table are collected and utilized to discover the order of electronic shells.
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On the shell‐confined atom problem

International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 2018
AbstractThe properties of spherically symmetric, one‐electron atomic systems are analyzed for the systems where the electron is placed in the region between two impenetrable concentric spheres of radii Rint and Rext. The changes in the structure of the energy levels of low‐lying electron states and the corresponding variations in radial wave functions ...
Vladimir I. Pupyshev   +1 more
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Electron density of closed atomic shells

Physical Review A, 1996
The nonlinear differential equation for the electron density in an arbitrary closed shell for a bare Coulomb field as derived by Cooper [Phys. Rev. A 50, 1040 (1994)] is reduced to a Sturm-Liouville problem. Using supersymmetry inspired ladder-operator relations for the continuum Coulomb problem, the appropriate electron density is expressed exactly in
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