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Fast Lighting Independent Background Subtraction

International Journal of Computer Vision, 2000
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Yuri A. Ivanov, Aaron F. Bobick, John Liu   +2 more
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Background to Independence

Transition, 1966
SOME 40 YEARS AGO, a distinguished Belgian Colonial Magistrate, Paul Salkin, published an interesting little volume entitled, Central Africa in 100 years. He sketched for his Belgian audience a gloomy portrait of what the 21st century might hold in store for Africa. By that time, he forecast, only Algeria would still be a colony.
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Classical Background Independence

2023
Abstract This chapter introduces the concepts of general covariance, diffeomorphism invariance, and background independence, and distinguishes between all three. It then proceeds to consider different possible definitions of background independence, with a particular focus on (a) the existence of certain kinds of ‘fixed’ fields in the ...
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Background Independence in a Background Dependent RG

2019
In Sect. 1.3.2 we underlined the importance of background independence in quantum gravity and motivated going beyond the single field approximation to instead work within bi-metric truncations in which separate dependence on the background field is retained.
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Background Independence of Fertility Decline

2015
The theoretical framework of demographic transition that has been applied to explain fertility decline has failed completely. This has been evident since the 1980s, with the emergence of the diffusionist scholars. Reflecting on the achievements of these researchers, I employ Japanese case studies that exemplify the absence of a causal relationship ...
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