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Time and frequency domain evaluation of bender element systems
Géotechnique, 2015Bender elements are used to measure the low-strain shear-wave velocity of soils in many geotechnical laboratories worldwide. Despite their popularity, the method remains without a standard, mainly owing to the difficulties in controlling the actual behaviour of the bender element inside the specimen.
J. F. Camacho-Tauta +3 more
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Characteristics of meta-kaolin geopolymer Bender-Element (BE) test
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018Abstract Bender element (BE) test is a non-destructive test and is commonly used as an ultrasonic shear wave (S-wave) technique for determining the stiffness of materials. In this research, the ultrasonic shear wave was measured by using the piezoceramic BE in order to monitor the setting and the hardening process of meta-kaolin based geopolymer (MKG)
Keeratikan Piriyakul +1 more
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Analytical modeling of sandwich beam for piezoelectric bender elements
Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2007zbMATH Open Web Interface contents unavailable due to conflicting licenses.
Zhou, Yan-Guo +2 more
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A simple approach for assessing the quality of bender elements
Géotechnique LettersBender elements are frequently used in geotechnical laboratories worldwide. In the first decades of introducing bender elements for soil testing, in the 1980s and 1990s, the quality of the bender elements was a main research topic. After noticeable findings about wiring, shielding, and other design features, the focus of the research moved towards ...
R. Shahgholian +2 more
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Determination of the Material Damping Ratio with the Bender Element Test
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2008The bender element test has shown to be a reliable tool to determine the shear wave velocity. This paper aims to extend the bender element technique to also measure the material damping ratio in a triaxial cell. Three different interpretation techniques are developed for this purpose. The first technique uses a modal test of a cylindrical soil specimen
Lutz Karl +3 more
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Interpretation of bender element tests
Géotechnique, 1995VIGGIANI, GIULIA, Atkinson, JH
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Bender elements: bad source – good receiver
2008Shear wave velocity measurement in the laboratory, by means of Bender Elements is becoming more and more popular for geotechnical characterization. The reasons of the increasing popularity of such method are well known and among the many the “apparent” simplicity of the testing method should be mentioned.
PALLARA O +2 more
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Measurement of material damping with bender elements in triaxial cell
2003Abstract: This paper presents a method to measure the viscous damping ratio of soils in isotropic stress conditions using a triaxial cell equipped with piezoceramic bender elements. The technique is based on the determination of a frequency response spectrum of the soil specimen by means of a continuous sine excitation generated by the emitter element.
Karl, L. +3 more
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Novel methods of bender element test analysis
2015The complexity of bender element test interpretation iswell documented. For example the arrival of a compressionalwave at the receiver clouds the arrival of the true shearwave. The wave diffuses while travelling through the sample as the received signal is of lower magnitude than the transmitted signal.
O'Donovan, J. +2 more
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A comprehensive view of measuring soil stiffness with bender elements
2009A laboratory experiment to determine the shear wave velocity of geomaterials by using bender elements has been reviewed. Problems associated with uniqueness and objectivity in judging correct arrival time and uniformity in interpretations are analyzed by using experimental results from a consolidation test on reconstituted clay samples.
Lohani T.N., Shibuya S.
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