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Bender Elements: Performance and Signal Interpretation
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2005Bender elements are convenient shear wave transducers for instrumenting soil cells due to optimal soil-transducer coupling and compatible operating frequency. Experimental and analytical methods are implemented in this study to explore various aspects of bender element installations including: electromagnetic coupling prevention, directivity, resonant ...
Jong-Sub Lee, J. Carlos Santamarina
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Instrumentation for bender element testing of soils
International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2008AbstractDetermination of shear wave velocity in sands is necessary for safety of various civil engineering structures. With this in view, earlier researchers have employed, mainly, resonant column and bender elements to determine this parameter. However, resonant column tests can only be performed in especially designed apparatus, which is not only ...
P. Bartake, A. Patel, D. Singh
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On the performance of bender elements in triaxial tests
Géotechnique, 2012This paper presents the results of a research programme in which the transfer functions of bender element/soil systems have been measured for various materials, set-ups and stress levels. The resulting database has allowed the characterisation of the inherent multi-vibrational nature of the system, and the interpretation challenges that this imposes ...
G. ALVARADO, M.R. COOP
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Measuring Shear Wave Velocity Using Bender Elements
Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2005Abstract The use of bender element to measure shear wave velocity is popular due to its simplicity. However, there are still some uncertainties in the interpretation of the bender element test. In this paper, the use of bender elements in the determination of shear wave velocities of dry, unsaturated, and saturated soil specimens is ...
Leong, Eng Choon +2 more
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Numerical modelling of bender element test in soils
Measurement, 2020Abstract Shear and compression wave velocities (Vs and Vp, respectively) are considered to be very useful for determining various dynamic properties of soils such as small strain shear modulus, Gmax, elastic modulus, Emax and the Poisson’s ratio, ν. Moreover, the index as well as engineering properties of the soil mass can be directly or indirectly ...
R. Ingale, A. Patel, A. Mandal
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Effect of bender element installation in clay samples
Géotechnique, 2010In recent years, bender element (BE) testing has become a standard procedure used for the determination of the shear modulus of geomaterials. Before the test is conducted, the BE transducers are plugged on both ends of a soil sample. The installation of the BEs is likely to cause disturbance to the soil sample.
K.H. CHAN, T. BOONYATEE, T. MITACHI
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Effect of Clamping and Damping on Piezoelectric Bender Elements
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1970Piezoelectric benders are commonly utilized for transducing elements in phonograph cartridges or reciprocally as emf-force devices. Their behavior in these applications has been well delineated in the literature. When the bender, used as a memory-storage element, is clamped and damped by an encapsulant, it exhibits anomalous behavior, which is not ...
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Time and frequency domain evaluation of bender element systems
Géotechnique, 2015Bender elements are used to measure the low-strain shear-wave velocity of soils in many geotechnical laboratories worldwide. Despite their popularity, the method remains without a standard, mainly owing to the difficulties in controlling the actual behaviour of the bender element inside the specimen.
J. F. Camacho-Tauta +3 more
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Characteristics of meta-kaolin geopolymer Bender-Element (BE) test
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018Abstract Bender element (BE) test is a non-destructive test and is commonly used as an ultrasonic shear wave (S-wave) technique for determining the stiffness of materials. In this research, the ultrasonic shear wave was measured by using the piezoceramic BE in order to monitor the setting and the hardening process of meta-kaolin based geopolymer (MKG)
Keeratikan Piriyakul +1 more
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Determination of the Material Damping Ratio with the Bender Element Test
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2008The bender element test has shown to be a reliable tool to determine the shear wave velocity. This paper aims to extend the bender element technique to also measure the material damping ratio in a triaxial cell. Three different interpretation techniques are developed for this purpose. The first technique uses a modal test of a cylindrical soil specimen
Lutz Karl +3 more
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