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Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 2004 The concept of bias is the lack of internal validity or incorrect assessment of the association between an exposure and an effect in the target population in which the statistic estimated has an expectation that does not equal the true value. Biases can be classified by the research stage in which they occur or by the direction of change in a estimate.
Miguel, Delgado-Rodríguez +1 more
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Determining Absorptivity Variations of Multiple Laser Beam Treatments of Stainless Steel Sheets
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2018 The absorptivity of laser radiation of metals is investigated in several studies. Therefore, absorption coefficients depending on temperature or roughness are known.
Helge Kügler, Frank Vollertsen
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Applications of Digital Holography: From Microscopy to 3D-Television [PDF]
Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications, 2012 The paper gives an overview of the applications of digital holography based on the one hand on CCD-recording, computer storage, and numerical reconstruction of the wave fields, and on the other hand on numerical calculation of computer generated ...
Kreis T.
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Marine Drugs, 2019 The most common sterol in fungi is ergosterol, which has frequently been investigated in human pathogenic fungal strains. This sterol, and others isolated from fungal strains, has also demonstrated cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and antimicrobial
Ana Camila Dos Santos Dias +10 more
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Applied Sciences, 2020 The formation of defects such as pores during deep-penetration laser welding processes is governed by the melt pool dynamics and the stability of the vapor capillary, also referred to as the keyhole.
Ronald Pordzik, Peer Woizeschke
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Surface accuracy achieved by upsetting of preforms generated by laser rod end melting
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2015 Cold forming generally allows the reproduction of parts with a high production rate and low waste of material. For this reason, many small parts for example of the body of a smartphone undergo at least one forming operation during their fabrication, e.g.
Brüning Heiko, Vollertsen Frank
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Bias against research on gender bias [PDF]
Scientometrics, 2018 The bias against women in academia is a documented phenomenon that has had detrimental consequences, not only for women, but also for the quality of science. First, gender bias in academia affects female scientists, resulting in their underrepresentation in academic institutions, particularly in higher ranks.
Cislak, Aleksandra +2 more
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Bias and Debias in Recommender System: A Survey and Future Directions [PDF]
ACM Trans. Inf. Syst., 2020 While recent years have witnessed a rapid growth of research papers on recommender system (RS), most of the papers focus on inventing machine learning models to better fit user behavior data.
Jiawei Chen +5 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Bias Amplification and Bias Unmasking [PDF]
Political Analysis, 2016 In the analysis of causal effects in non-experimental studies, conditioning on observable covariates is one way to try to reduce unobserved confounder bias. However, a developing literature has shown that conditioning on certain covariates may increase bias, and the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully explored.
Middleton, Joel A +3 more
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Unraveling Mycobacterium tuberculosis acid resistance and pH homeostasis mechanisms
FEBS Letters, EarlyView.Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibits a remarkable resilience to acid stress. In this Review, we discuss some of the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways used by the tubercle bacilli to adapt and resist host‐mediated acid stress. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a successful pathogen that has developed a variety of strategies to survive and ...
Janïs Laudouze +3 more
wiley +1 more source