Results 221 to 230 of about 102,685 (317)

Institutionalisation and Institutional Evolution: A Model of Selecting Government Officials in Ancient China

open access: yesEconomics of Transition and Institutional Change, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT The evolution of institutions in selecting government officials in ancient China reflected efficiency considerations and increased power concentration in the hands of the ruler. Selecting government officials in ancient China became more rule‐based over time, and standardisation and centralisation were some key features of this process.
Haiwen Zhou
wiley   +1 more source

The concept of biological warfare and real biological attacks

open access: diamond, 2019
Teodora Eremia   +4 more
openalex   +1 more source

Scarring and Selection in the Great Irish Famine

open access: yesThe Economic History Review, EarlyView.
Abstract How do famines shape the health of survivors? We examine the long‐term impact of the Great Irish Famine (1845–52) on human stature, distinguishing between adverse scarring effects and the apparent resilience of survivors due to selection. Using anthropometric data from more than 14500 individuals born before, during, and after this famine, we ...
Matthias Blum   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Chemical and Biological Warfare [PDF]

open access: yesNature, 1968
Richard P. Novick   +4 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Strategic materials and state capacity in Renaissance Italy. The economic policies of ‘Roman saltpetre’ procurement

open access: yesThe Economic History Review, EarlyView.
Abstract Demonstrating the existence of a soaring demand for strategic materials in fifteenth‐century Rome, the article pioneers research in the late medieval trade in saltpetre, the irreplaceable, rare component of gunpowder, indispensable for waging war following the diffusion of artillery technology.
Fabrizio Antonio Ansani
wiley   +1 more source

The Social Truth of Schopenhauer's ‘Metaphysics of Pity’: Compassion and Critical Theory

open access: yesEuropean Journal of Philosophy, EarlyView.
Abstract Taking Horkheimer and Adorno's account of pity in the Dialectic of Enlightenment as my starting point, I show that Schopenhauer's compassion‐based moral theory exemplifies key elements of this account. In particular, this moral theory will be shown to possess a social truth for Horkheimer and Adorno because it is an expression of a wrong ...
David James
wiley   +1 more source

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