Results 211 to 220 of about 1,779,010 (295)

Hunting for Hollanders: The community responsibility system, trade sanctions, and public debt in the late‐medieval Low Countries

open access: yesThe Economic History Review, EarlyView.
Abstract To persuade creditors to lend, cities in the Low Countries relied on a community responsibility system that made all citizens personally liable for public debt. This exposed itinerant citizens to significant risks: their merchandise could be confiscated by creditors, and they could even be imprisoned for debt.
Jaco Zuijderduijn
wiley   +1 more source

The Pan‐Orthodox Celebration of the 1600th Anniversary of the Council of Nicaea in 1925

open access: yesThe Ecumenical Review, EarlyView.
Abstract This article explores the attempts to organize a Pan‐Orthodox Council in the years following the First World War that could gather in 1925 on the occasion of the 1600th anniversary of the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea. While some of these efforts were remarkably ambitious, and although they were not always feasible or fully realized, they
Natallia Vasilevich
wiley   +1 more source

Declining habitat directive butterflies within a major stronghold: Challenges for conservation Rückläufige Tagfalter der FFH‐Richtlinie in einer bedeutenden Hochburg: Herausforderungen für den Naturschutz

open access: yesInsect Conservation and Diversity, EarlyView.
Myrmecophilous Phengaris nausithous and P. teleius are highly specialized grassland butterflies and flagship species for European nature conservation, but they exhibit ongoing population declines. We show strong declines for both species in the Westerwald mountain range, western Germany, since 1994, driven by inappropriate timing of mowing, grassland ...
Klaus Fischer   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

Roadside pollinator populations and the negative impact of intensive roadside vegetation maintenance

open access: yesInsect Conservation and Diversity, EarlyView.
Less intensively managed roadsides had higher numbers of flower flies and bees; bee diversity was also higher in those roadsides. Community composition was similar across both management types, indicating that roadsides support a fairly homogeneous pollinator community, regardless of management.
Gil F. G. Miranda   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

Interactions of land use and climate change disproportionately impact Lepidoptera of the five major insect orders

open access: yesInsect Conservation and Diversity, EarlyView.
Land use and climate change are two major environmental pressures that interact to impact insect biodiversity. We compared the impacts of land use alone and of the interaction between land use and climate change on the five major insect orders. Most impacted were the Lepidoptera, showing 91% lower total abundance in sites of high‐intensity agriculture ...
Kyra Nancie Smith   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

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