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Toxicology of blast overpressure
Toxicology, 1997Blast overpressure (BOP) or high energy impulse noise, is the sharp instantaneous rise in ambient atmospheric pressure resulting from explosive detonation or firing of weapons. Blasts that were once confined to military and to a lesser extent, occupational settings, are becoming more universal as the civilian population is now increasingly at risk of ...
Nabil M Elsayed
exaly +3 more sources
Visual system degeneration induced by blast overpressure
Toxicology, 1997The effect of blast overpressure on visual system pathology was studied in 14 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 360-432 g. Blast overpressure was simulated using a compressed-air driven shock tube, with the aim of studying a range of overpressures causing sublethal injury.
Richard A Bauman, Nabil M Elsayed
exaly +3 more sources
The pathology of primary blast overpressure injury
Toxicology, 1997Primary blast injury occurs in civilian and military detonations and from the firing of weapon systems. The pathology of primary blast injury has been reported for the last 70 years and has primarily been limited to descriptions of gross pathology and histology.
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The effect of blast overpressure on the mechanical properties of the human tympanic membrane
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2019The rupture of the tympanic membrane (TM) is one of the major indicators for blast injuries due to the vulnerability of TM under exposure to blast overpressure. The mechanical properties of the human TM exhibit a significant change after it is exposed to such a high intensity blast.
Junfeng Liang, Rong Z Gan, Hongbing Lu
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Blast overpressure induced structural and functional changes in the auditory system
Toxicology, 1997Blast overpressure of sufficient intensity can produce injury to various organ systems. Unprotected ears result in the auditory system being the most susceptible. The injuries to the auditory system include: rupture of the tympanic membrane, dislocation or fracture of the ossicular chain, and damage to the sensory structures on the basilar membrane ...
James H Patterson, Roger P Hamernik
exaly +3 more sources
The effect of blast overpressure on the mechanical properties of a chinchilla tympanic membrane
Hearing Research, 2017The rupture of tympanic membrane (TM) has long been viewed as an indicator of blast injury, especially for hearing loss. However, little is known about damage to the TM caused by blast with pressure lower than the rupture threshold. In this paper, we present our study on the effect of blast overpressure on the static mechanical properties of TM ...
Junfeng Liang +2 more
exaly +3 more sources
Blast Overpressures as a Military and Occupational Health Concern
American Journal of Audiology, 2023Purpose: This tutorial reviews effects of environmental stressors like blast overpressures and other well-known acoustic contaminants (continuous, intermittent, and impulsive noise) on hearing, tinnitus, vestibular, and balance-related functions.
Anthony T. Cacace, Batoul Berri
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A model of blast overpressure injury to the lung
Journal of Biomechanics, 1996Despite decades of animal experiments, data on blast injury to the lung cover only a limited number of circumstances and are in a fragmented form. This paper develops a mathematical model of the chest wall dynamics and the subsequent generation of strong pressure waves within the lung, which have been hypothesized as the mediator of injury.
J H, Stuhmiller +5 more
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Blast Overpressure After Tire Explosion
American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology, 2013Fatal blast injuries are generally reported in literature as a consequence of the detonation of explosives in war settings. The pattern of lesion depends on the position of the victim in relation to the explosion, on whether the blast tracks through air or water, and whether it happens in the open air or within an enclosed space and the distance from ...
Pomara C. +5 more
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