Results 171 to 180 of about 43,378 (307)

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

Agricultural Bookkeeping

open access: yesJournal of Farm Economics, 1937
J. A. Hodges   +2 more
openaire   +2 more sources

AUGURAL TERRITORIES: On the Prophetic Organizing of the Mid‐range

open access: yesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract In this article I introduce the concept of augural territories to theorize the urbanism that emerged during pandemic lockdowns. I draw on ethnographic research in Madrid to examine how community‐based responses—including mutual aid networks, food pantries and neighbourhood associations—disrupted the spatial and temporal logics of territorial ...
Alberto Corsín Jiménez
wiley   +1 more source

Aligning climate scenarios to emissions inventories shifts global benchmarks. [PDF]

open access: yesNature, 2023
Gidden MJ   +9 more
europepmc   +1 more source

PARTY‐STATE URBANISM: Coevolution of Local State Capacity and Strategic Alliances in Shenzhen

open access: yesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract What is distinct about Chinese urban governance? Classic theories predict that when the central state retreats from resource allocation, capacity‐strained local governments must form alliances with non‐state actors, thereby diluting state power. In China, however, state power remains dominant despite decentralization.
Yunhan Wen
wiley   +1 more source

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