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Diffuse Reflection and Transmission in a Finite Inhomogeneous Atmosphere with a Reflecting Bottom Surface

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 1967
Abstract In a finite inhomogeneous, plane-parallel and isotropically-scattering atmosphere, whose lower surface reflects light according to Lambert’s law, the problem of diffuse reflection and transmission of parallel rays incident on the upper surface in a specified direction is exactly studied.
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An Inversion Method for Obtaining Bottom Reflection Loss

1994
The direct problem in ocean acoustics is to predict the emission or propagation of sound on the basis of a known attribute of sources or media. The inversion or indirect problem is to deduce the features of sources or media from the sound that has propagated to the hydrophone.
Wang Qin, Zhang Ren-he
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The Reflectivity of Two Bottom Areas as Measured by Total Energy Reflection Coefficients

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1967
In a paper presented at the 72nd meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, the author discussed the high variability in the peak amplitude bottom reflection coefficients obtained using pulsed CW signals over an abyssal plain area. These results led to an investigation into the use of a reflected-to-incident energy ratio as a more suitable ...
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Reflection of Sound from Coastal Sea Bottoms

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1948
An experimental method has been developed for measuring the reflection coefficient of the ocean bottom for supersonic sound at grazing incidence. In this method the geometry is controlled so that the resultant of the direct and reflected rays passes through consecutive maxima and minima at the hydrophone.
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Coherence of Ocean Bottom Reflected Acoustic Pulses

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1967
Experiments have been conducted at abyssal plain locations in the Atlantic Ocean with linear frequency modulated pulses 250 msec in length. The frequencies were 1100 Hz ±50 Hz) and 3700 Hz (±300 Hz). Nonoverlapping direct and bottom-reflected instantaneous signals received at two vertically spaced (1100 ft.
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