Results 51 to 60 of about 23,616 (207)
Higher Objectives of Islamic Law (Maqāṣid al‐Sharīʿa) in Substantiating Justice in Land Tax
The Muslim World, EarlyView.Abstract This article discusses the relationship between the systemization of kharāj (land tax) and the higher objective of Islamic law or Maqāṣid al‐Sharīʿa. After the conquest of Sawād region (located in modern‐day southern Iraq), the First Caliph ʿUmar (634 ‐ 644 CE) introduced a new approach to the distribution of ghanīmah (spoils of war), leaving ...
Öznur Özdemir, Mehmet Asutay
wiley +1 more source
Political Intercession at the Court of Caliph al-Muqtadir
Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2016 The caliphal court in Baghdad was the arena of countless conflicts and struggles for power between the caliph and the political elites of the ‘Abbasid empire. In many of these conflicts third parties were asked – or styled themselves – as intercessors to
Maaike van Berkel
doaj +1 more source
Islamic support on the westernization policy in the Ottoman empire : making Mahmud II a reformer Caliph-Sultan by Islamic virtue tradition [PDF]
, 2005 In this article we dealt with the relations between the state and religion / Islam and its interpreters i.e., the ulama, their needs each other. As a case, with an original source, we focused on the time of the Mahmud II (1808-1839) The Ottoman reforms ...
Ersahin, Seyfettin
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Orthodontics &Craniofacial Research, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if there are any clinically significant differences between direct, virtual indirect, and artificial intelligence (AI) bonding techniques. Materials and Methods This in vivo study analysed 840 teeth selected from 14 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with full fixed appliances ...
Tarek ElShebiny +3 more
wiley +1 more source
'Mamlukisation' between social theory and social practice: an essay on reflexivity, state formation, and the late medieval sultanate of Cairo [PDF]
, 2015 This working paper is a reflexive essay that tries to think with and beyond one of the basic assumptions upon which the field of late medieval Syro-Egyptian ‘Mamluk’ studies is built: the idea that all late medieval Syro-Egyptian objects of study are by ...
Van Steenbergen, Jo
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Trajectories in the Development of Islamic Theological Thought: the Synthesis of Kalam [PDF]
, 2007 The field of Islamic theology (kalam) is not merely a receptacle for the presentation of the creedal statements and doctrinal catechisms of Islam; it derives its raison d’être not only from the articulation and elucidation of the doctrines of faith, but ...
Shah, Mustafa
core +1 more source
Distinct Roles of IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐22 in Human Skin Barrier Dysfunction and Atopic Dermatitis
Allergy, Volume 81, Issue 2, Page 480-497, February 2026.This study reports the distinct effects of IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐22 on bio‐stabilized human skin with intact barriers and immune cells. IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐22 upregulate inflammatory mediators, disrupt skin barrier integrity, and reciprocally modulate IL‐4Rα and IL‐22Rα1 receptors.
Paolo D'Avino +12 more
wiley +1 more source
The 'Pharaoh' Anecdote in Pre-Modern Arabic Historiography [PDF]
, 2010 This article examines the development of the pharaoh as a literary figure in Arabic historiography between the third/ninth and the ninth/fifteenth centuries.
Hirschler, Konrad
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Orthodontics &Craniofacial Research, Volume 29, Issue 1, Page 112-121, February 2026.ABSTRACT Objective This prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in skeletal Class III patients treated with the surgery‐first approach using either orthodontic aligners or fixed appliances. Materials and Methods Patients were treated using the Surgery‐First Approach (SFA) combined with either clear
Arthur Cunha +3 more
wiley +1 more source
Comparative Study of the Objectives and Principles of Invitation Organization of Abbasids and Ishmaelite [PDF]
تاریخ اسلام, 2015 Abbasid and Ishmaelite tried to furtively develop invitation organization towards the actualization of their objectives. The comparison of the objectives and principles of these two organizations and discovering the similarity and difference aspects of ...
Ja’far Sharifi +2 more
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