Results 191 to 200 of about 6,681 (230)

Vacuum Carbothermic Reduction of Alumina

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2013
The current industrial production of aluminum from alumina is based on the electrochemical Hall-Héroult process, which has the drawbacks of high-greenhouse gas emissions, reaching up to 0.70 kg CO2-equiv/kg Al, and large energy consumption, about 0.055 GJ/kg Al. An alternative process is the carbothermic reduction of alumina.
Martin Halmann, Aldo Steinfeld, Michael Epstein, Irina Vishnevetsky   +3 more
openaire   +1 more source

Carbothermal Reduction of Silica

1977
Silicon carbide, silicon nitride or silicon monoxide may be produced by carbothermal reduction of silica depending on conditions. The mechanism for the reduction of silica involves a chain reaction, gas-solid scheme. Both silica and carbon surfaces are involved. An explanation for the role of iron as a catalyst is given.
J. G. Lee, P. D. Miller, I. B. Cutler
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Carbothermic reduction of domestic chromites

Metallurgical Transactions B, 1979
Maximizing minerals recovery from domestic resources and minimizing the energy requirements of mineral processing constitute two goals of the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior. Accordingly, the Bureau has determined that coal char is generally the preferred reductant among commercially available carbonaceous materials in laboratory scale
Ralph H. Nafziger, Jack E. Tress, Jack I. Paige   +2 more
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Alumina purification by carbothermal reduction

Journal of Materials Chemistry, 1996
Sodium, silicon, iron, calcium and gallium as impurities in alumina were removed by carbothermal reduction from alumina particles between 1100 and 1400 °C. Reduction of calcium and silicon oxides starts as low as 1200 and 1100 °C, respectively. Thermodynamics and rate of the alumina cleaning process are discussed.
Dulcina P. F. de Souza, Milton F. de Souza   +1 more
openaire   +1 more source

Carbothermic Reduction Methods for Alumina

2019
The Hall–Héroult process for the electrolytic reduction of alumina was developed at the end of the 19th century and is still currently the only industrial process for the production of primary aluminum. Today, this process is ranked among the most energy- and CO2intensive industrial processes.
Efthymios Balomenos, Dimitrios Gerogiorgis   +1 more
openaire   +1 more source

Carbothermic Reduction Using Liquid Metal Solvents

JOM, 1988
The use of liquid metal solvents has broadened the application-potential of carbothermic reduction in the areas of ore reduction reactions and reactive separations. A properly chosen solvent permits pyrometallurgical reductions at temperatures far below those possible with processes that do not employ a solvent metal. Product contamination is inhibited
Wayne J. Howell, Charles A. Eckert, Robert N. Anderson   +2 more
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Nitridation of sepiolite by carbothermal reduction

Journal of Materials Science Letters, 1985
tude de la preparation de ceramiques de Si 3 N 4 par nitruration de sepiolite (argile fibreuse a base de silicate de magnesium)
Yoshiyuki Sugahara, Kazuyuki Kuroda, Chuzo Kato   +2 more
openaire   +1 more source

Equipment for microwave enhanced carbothermic reductions

2009 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC), 2009
In this paper the diversity of industrial microwave applications is highlighted by the description of another exciting field for microwave usage: the microwave carbothermic reduction of metal oxides. This is a metallurgical application for metal production, for example pig iron from hematite.
Luiz Alberto Jermolovicius, Edmilson Renato de Castro, Jose Thomaz Senise, Marcelo Breda Mourao, Cyro Takano   +4 more
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Kinetics of Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite

Materials Science Forum, 2016
The reduction kinetics of ilmenite was investigated. Phase evolution during the reduction process was identified by XRD and morphology change was observed using SEM. Kinetic parameters of the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined by Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method and Coast-Redfern method&artificial isokinetic ...
Min Chen, Xuan Xiao, Xue Feng Zhang
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Carbothermal reduction and nitriding of TiO2

Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1989
Abstract Reduction of finely dispersed TiO 2 by carbon in nitrogen flow begins at approximately 1000°C. In the initial stages up to approximatel 1170°C reduction of TiO 2 into lower titanium oxides takes place. Ti 4 O 7 was identified as one of the intermediates. Significant nitriding begins above 1200°C.
T. Ličko, V. Figusch, J. Púchyová
openaire   +1 more source