Results 171 to 180 of about 3,242 (195)

Carbothermic reduction of refractory metals

Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 1976
The reduction of stable refractory metal oxides by carbon is generally unacceptable since the product is usually contaminated with carbides. The carbide formation may be avoided by selecting a solvent metal to dissolve the reactive metal as it is produced and reduce its chemical activity below that required for carbide formation. This approach has been
R. N. Anderson, N. A. D. Parlee
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Carbothermal reduction of sillimanite

Journal of Materials Chemistry, 1996
Preliminary studies on the carbothermal reduction of sillimanite (Al2O3SiO2) powders are reported. The effects of various reaction parameters, e.g. reaction temperature (1550–1700 °C), C: Si molar ratio (4.5–9.0) in the reactant mixtures, the nature and source of carbon (carbon black or activated charcoal) and the reaction atmosphere (argon or nitrogen
Prasanta K. Panda, Loganathan Mariappan, Vellore A. Jaleel, Thandali S. Kannan, Jean Dubois, Gilbert Fantozzi   +5 more
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Carbothermic Reduction of Anatase and Rutile.

ChemInform, 2005
AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Setoudeh, N., Saidi, A., Welham, N.J.
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Carbothermal reduction of zinc ferrite

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001
The carbothermal reduction of zinc ferrite was studied using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), wet chemical analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area meter, and thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA) systems. Zinc ferrite was found to be decomposed to ZnO and Fe2O3 initially and carbothermal reduction of ZnO and Fe2O3 took place simultaneously ...
Jyh-Jen Lee, Chun-I Lin, Hsi-Kuei Chen
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Vacuum Carbothermic Reduction of Alumina

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2013
The current industrial production of aluminum from alumina is based on the electrochemical Hall-Héroult process, which has the drawbacks of high-greenhouse gas emissions, reaching up to 0.70 kg CO2-equiv/kg Al, and large energy consumption, about 0.055 GJ/kg Al. An alternative process is the carbothermic reduction of alumina.
Martin Halmann, Aldo Steinfeld, Michael Epstein, Irina Vishnevetsky   +3 more
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Carbothermal Reduction of Silica

1977
Silicon carbide, silicon nitride or silicon monoxide may be produced by carbothermal reduction of silica depending on conditions. The mechanism for the reduction of silica involves a chain reaction, gas-solid scheme. Both silica and carbon surfaces are involved. An explanation for the role of iron as a catalyst is given.
J. G. Lee, P. D. Miller, I. B. Cutler
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Carbothermic reduction of domestic chromites

Metallurgical Transactions B, 1979
Maximizing minerals recovery from domestic resources and minimizing the energy requirements of mineral processing constitute two goals of the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior. Accordingly, the Bureau has determined that coal char is generally the preferred reductant among commercially available carbonaceous materials in laboratory scale
Ralph H. Nafziger, Jack E. Tress, Jack I. Paige   +2 more
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Alumina purification by carbothermal reduction

Journal of Materials Chemistry, 1996
Sodium, silicon, iron, calcium and gallium as impurities in alumina were removed by carbothermal reduction from alumina particles between 1100 and 1400 °C. Reduction of calcium and silicon oxides starts as low as 1200 and 1100 °C, respectively. Thermodynamics and rate of the alumina cleaning process are discussed.
Dulcina P. F. de Souza, Milton F. de Souza   +1 more
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Carbothermic Reduction Methods for Alumina

2019
The Hall–Héroult process for the electrolytic reduction of alumina was developed at the end of the 19th century and is still currently the only industrial process for the production of primary aluminum. Today, this process is ranked among the most energy- and CO2intensive industrial processes.
Efthymios Balomenos, Dimitrios Gerogiorgis   +1 more
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Carbothermic Reduction Using Liquid Metal Solvents

JOM, 1988
The use of liquid metal solvents has broadened the application-potential of carbothermic reduction in the areas of ore reduction reactions and reactive separations. A properly chosen solvent permits pyrometallurgical reductions at temperatures far below those possible with processes that do not employ a solvent metal. Product contamination is inhibited
Wayne J. Howell, Charles A. Eckert, Robert N. Anderson   +2 more
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