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2020
Checks and balances is a principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power (Encyclopedia Britannica). This principle is especially enforced in constitutional systems where the exercise of sovereign power must be strictly divided into the tripartite functions of ...
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Checks and balances is a principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power (Encyclopedia Britannica). This principle is especially enforced in constitutional systems where the exercise of sovereign power must be strictly divided into the tripartite functions of ...
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2001
Abstract This chapter studies the design of reciprocal supervision between members of the same hierarchy. It is shown that reciprocal capture may result in the form of a horizontal level exchange of favours, which is costly to society. An example is also given where collusion is beneficial as it affects transaction costs in some states ...
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Abstract This chapter studies the design of reciprocal supervision between members of the same hierarchy. It is shown that reciprocal capture may result in the form of a horizontal level exchange of favours, which is costly to society. An example is also given where collusion is beneficial as it affects transaction costs in some states ...
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The Review of Politics, 1944
Fear of concentration of power in the hands of one group or one person has written into many constitutions in the past hundred and seventy years or more a variety of safeguarding provisions against uncontrolled and arbitrary exercise of authority. Revolutionary leaders in America, conscious of the abuses of power against which they had successfully ...
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Fear of concentration of power in the hands of one group or one person has written into many constitutions in the past hundred and seventy years or more a variety of safeguarding provisions against uncontrolled and arbitrary exercise of authority. Revolutionary leaders in America, conscious of the abuses of power against which they had successfully ...
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The Constitutional Checks and Balances that Neither Check Nor Balance
2006The genius of the constitutional system that Madison gave us was its fundamental reliance on the concept of checks and balances as the vehicle for guaranteeing limits on government power. Each branch would monitor or watch over the others to insure that no branch exceeded its authority or invaded another’s sphere.
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Balancing interfacial reactions to achieve long cycle life in high-energy lithium metal batteries
Nature Energy, 2021Chaojiang Niu, Joshua A Lochala, Xia Cao
exaly