Results 211 to 220 of about 360,977 (263)

Chemical Signal Enhancement by Chemical Amplification

Comments on Inorganic Chemistry, 2002
A catalytic cycle can be viewed as an amplifier for a signal represented by introduction of its catalyst to a system. Examples of catalytic signal amplification taken from the photographic literature are presented. Issues in the design of catalysts and system stability will be discussed and some ideas for modifying a photographic system for non-imaging
Anne Ehret, Mark T. Spitler, Louis S. Stuhl   +2 more
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Chemical enhancers for transdermal drug transport

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 2001
In its first part, this review paper discusses skin morphology and barrier function of the stratum corneum for drug permeation after its transdermal administration or topical application. Further, the paper presents the main methods for overcoming the skin permeation barrier, which plays an important role for transdermal drug administration.
K, Bauerová, D, Matusová, Z, Kassai
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Chemical penetration enhancers: a patent review

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2009
Ever since transdermal drug delivery came into existence, it has offered great promises, although most of them are yet to be fulfilled owing to some intrinsic restrictions of the transdermal route. On the positive side, transdermal drug delivery systems present advantages including non-invasiveness, prolonged therapeutic effect, reduced side effects ...
Abdul, Ahad, Mohammed, Aqil, Kanchan, Kohli, Hema, Chaudhary, Yasmin, Sultana, Mohammed, Mujeeb, Sushama, Talegaonkar   +6 more
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Interfacial chemical reactivity enhancement

The Journal of Chemical Physics
Interfacial enhancements of chemical reaction equilibria and rates in liquid droplets are predicted using a combined theoretical and experimental analysis strategy. Self-consistent solutions of reaction and adsorption equilibria indicate that interfacial reactivity enhancement is driven primarily by the adsorption free energy of the product (or ...
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On the chemical enhancement in SERS

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2012
In Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the Raman signal of a molecule adsorbed on a metal surface is enhanced by many orders of magnitude. This provides a "finger-print" of molecules which can be used in ultrasensitive sensing devises. Here we present a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) study of the molecule-surface chemical ...
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Chemical modification of enzymes for enhanced functionality

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 1999
The explosion in commercial and synthetic applications of enzymes has stimulated much of the interest in enhancing enzyme functionality and stability. Covalent chemical modification, the original method available for altering protein properties, has now re-emerged as a powerful complementary approach to site-directed mutagenesis and directed evolution ...
G, DeSantis, J B, Jones
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Enhancement of the chemical stability in confined δ-Bi2O3

Nature Materials, 2015
Bismuth-oxide-based materials are the building blocks for modern ferroelectrics, multiferroics, gas sensors, light photocatalysts and fuel cells. Although the cubic fluorite δ-phase of bismuth oxide (δ-Bi2O3) exhibits the highest conductivity of known solid-state oxygen ion conductors, its instability prevents use at low temperature.
Sanna, Simone, Esposito, Vincenzo, Andreasen, Jens Wenzel, Hjelm, Johan, Zhang, Wei, Kasama, Takeshi, Simonsen, Søren Bredmose, Christensen, Mogens, Linderoth, Søren, Pryds, Nini   +9 more
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Combining Chemical Permeation Enhancers for Synergistic Effects

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 2015
Currently, macromolecular drugs such as proteins are mainly administered by means of injections due to their low intestinal epithelial permeability and poor stability in the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated binary combinations of chemical drug absorption enhancers to determine if synergistic drug absorption enhancement effects exist ...
Trizel du Toit, Maides M. Malan, Hendrik J. R. Lemmer, Chrisna Gouws, Marique E. Aucamp, Wilma J. Breytenbach, Josias H. Hamman   +6 more
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Chemical Flooding for Enhanced Recovery

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2012
Abstract Chemical flooding is an important enhancing recovery technology. Displacement mechanisms of different displacement agents were dissimilar. There were some experiments finished to research the effect of chemical flooding. After evaluation of displacement systems, recoveries of all formulas were determined and the recovery contour diagram was ...
Q. Yu, H. Jiang, Y. Song, Z. Yi, C. Zhang   +4 more
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Enhancement of Sludge Settling with Chemical Additives

Water Environment Research, 2009
Solids in aeration tank effluents contribute to the total organic content and suspended solids concentration, and violates disposal and reuse standards. Therefore, improving the settling properties of sludge helps produce an effluent with a quality that conforms to effluent standards, assuming all other conditions for good settling in the sedimentation
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