Results 221 to 230 of about 1,241 (252)

390. The estimation of losses of butterfat in churning

Journal of Dairy Research, 1949
The Bird & Derby method of calculating percentage butterfat loss in buttermilk is in error because it assumes that all the buttermilk in the granules at draining is retained in the buttermilk, whereas much of it is washed out in the wash water. Lactose estimations in butter and buttermilk confirm Udy's finding that butter contains about 10% of ...
F. H. McDowall, A. K. R. McDowell
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A Model for the Prediction of Churning Losses in Geared Transmissions—Preliminary Results

Journal of Mechanical Design, 2006
A series of formulas are presented which enable accurate predictions of churning losses for one pinion characteristic of automotive transmission geometry. The results are based on dimensional analysis and have been experimentally validated over a wide range of speeds, gear geometries, lubricants, and immersion depths.
Changenet, Christophe, Velex, Philippe
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Influence of Aerated Lubricants on Gear Churning Losses–An Engineering Model

Tribology Transactions, 2011
It is currently assumed that churning losses can be described by using only two physical parameters representative of the lubricant properties, i.e., density and viscosity. To verify this hypothesis, a number of transient measurements were carried out on a specific gear test rig over a range of oil temperatures.
Leprince, Gauthier, Changenet, Christophe, Ville, Fabrice, Velex, Philippe, Dufau, Christophe, Jarnias, Frédéric   +5 more
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A study of churning losses in dip-lubricated spur gears

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 1999
Churning losses contribute significantly, both to overall inefficiency and to oil heating, in many dip-lubricated transmission systems, notably in automotive applications. For this reason, a reasonably accurate estimate of churning loss is often desirable at the design stage.
P Luke, A V Olver
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Modeling of ball bearing churning losses

Physics of Fluids
Ball bearings are widely used in automotive driveline systems, and their performance plays a crucial role in driveline safety and transmission efficiency. However, the studies on revealing the internal flow mechanism of ball bearings and predicting the churning power loss under jet lubrication system are still insufficient.
Shuai Hu, Wuqi Gong, Xiangyu Xu, Xiaomin Liu   +3 more
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Experimental and Computational Studies of the No-Load Churning Loss of a Truck Axle

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2020
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the work performed in predicting and measuring the contribution of oil churning to the no-load losses of a commercial truck axle at typical running speeds. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the churning losses was conducted.
Luis Silva, William Liou, Yang Yang, John Bair, Claudia M. Fajardo, Steven Wesolowski, Farrukh Qureshi   +6 more
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Churning loss modeling for shroud gears driven by physics-data hybrids

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
Chunbao Liu, Konghua Yang
exaly   +2 more sources

Churning and Drag Losses

1984
Based on the classical theories of fluid flow around a moving sphere and a cylinder, simple formulas for obtaining a first approximation to the lubricant drag forces and churning moments in a rolling bearing are presented.
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Oil distribution and churning losses of gearboxes: Experimental and numerical analysis

Tribology International, 2020
Abstract Currently, energy efficiency represents one of the main requisites in mechanical design. Gearboxes play an important role in several industrial applications and, even if they are already characterized by high efficiency, their performance can still be improved, leading to energy saving and the reduction of pollutant emissions.
Marco Nicola Mastrone, Erwin Adi Hartono, Valery Chernoray, Franco Concli   +3 more
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Butterfat Losses in Buttermilk from Commercial Churnings

Canadian Institute of Food Technology Journal, 1968
Abstract The effect of churning procedures on fat losses in the buttermilk at two creameries in south Alberta was studied. Seasonal fluctuations were found to exist. Losses ranged from 0.72% to 3.00% with averages of 1.11 and 1.57% at the two plants.
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