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390. The estimation of losses of butterfat in churning
Journal of Dairy Research, 1949The Bird & Derby method of calculating percentage butterfat loss in buttermilk is in error because it assumes that all the buttermilk in the granules at draining is retained in the buttermilk, whereas much of it is washed out in the wash water. Lactose estimations in butter and buttermilk confirm Udy's finding that butter contains about 10% of ...
F. H. McDowall, A. K. R. McDowell
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A Model for the Prediction of Churning Losses in Geared Transmissions—Preliminary Results
Journal of Mechanical Design, 2006A series of formulas are presented which enable accurate predictions of churning losses for one pinion characteristic of automotive transmission geometry. The results are based on dimensional analysis and have been experimentally validated over a wide range of speeds, gear geometries, lubricants, and immersion depths.
Changenet, Christophe, Velex, Philippe
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Modeling of ball bearing churning losses
Physics of FluidsBall bearings are widely used in automotive driveline systems, and their performance plays a crucial role in driveline safety and transmission efficiency. However, the studies on revealing the internal flow mechanism of ball bearings and predicting the churning power loss under jet lubrication system are still insufficient.
Shuai Hu +3 more
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CFD Simulation for Reduction of Oil Churning Loss and Windage Loss on Aeroengine Transmission Gears
Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education; Electric Power; Awards and Honors, 2009In recent years, the demand for power generation capacity has increased considerably due to the electric drive of air conditioners and so on in the engines of civil aircraft. Therefore, it is estimated that power losses may increase in the gearbox because of generators and pumps that in turn augment fuel consumption.
Hidenori Arisawa +3 more
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Experimental and Computational Studies of the No-Load Churning Loss of a Truck Axle
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2020<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the work performed in predicting and measuring the contribution of oil churning to the no-load losses of a commercial truck axle at typical running speeds. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the churning losses was conducted.
Luis Silva +6 more
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1984
Based on the classical theories of fluid flow around a moving sphere and a cylinder, simple formulas for obtaining a first approximation to the lubricant drag forces and churning moments in a rolling bearing are presented.
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Based on the classical theories of fluid flow around a moving sphere and a cylinder, simple formulas for obtaining a first approximation to the lubricant drag forces and churning moments in a rolling bearing are presented.
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Butterfat Losses in Buttermilk from Commercial Churnings
Canadian Institute of Food Technology Journal, 1968Abstract The effect of churning procedures on fat losses in the buttermilk at two creameries in south Alberta was studied. Seasonal fluctuations were found to exist. Losses ranged from 0.72% to 3.00% with averages of 1.11 and 1.57% at the two plants.
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Churning losses of spiral bevel gears at high rotational speed
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2019In the present study, no-load losses of different splash lubricated spiral bevel gears were measured. The authors used a specific test rig, and a set of gears, to investigate churning losses at higher tangential speeds: up to 60 m/s. An uncommon behavior of the drag torque was highlighted: the torque increased with the rotational speed until a local ...
Quiban, R +4 more
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Churning Loss Estimation for Manual Transmission Gear Box Using CFD
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, 2015<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel economy is one of the factors that drives the automobile sector today, and the demand for fuel efficient vehicles continues to increase by the day. Power loss in the vehicle driveline directly affects the fuel economy and must be reduced to achieve maximum fuel economy ...
Chandrasekhar Kodela +2 more
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Optimization of Oil Quantity in Manual Transmission and Reducing Churning Loss
SAE Technical Paper Series<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The gearbox is a crucial aggregate in a diesel truck. Gearboxes must work efficiently to get the job done properly and lubrication is vital to this efficiency. Lubricating oil is like the circulation system of a gearbox.
Sundar Lakshamanan +3 more
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