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Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection is associated with urinary molybdenum concentrations in a bronchiectasis cohort. [PDF]

open access: yesEnviron Epidemiol
Semancik CS   +7 more
europepmc   +1 more source
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Oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism: a consideration of the impact of bias and confounding factors on epidemiological studies

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 1996
Recent epidemiological studies have reported an approximately two-fold, significant, increased odds ratio for venous thromboembolism in users of third-generation oral contraceptives (OCs) compared to users of second-generation OCs. However, in each study, this association is of borderline statistical significance, and the studies do not indicate an ...
H, Rekers, T, Norpoth, M A, Michaels
openaire   +2 more sources

Two critical confounding factors in periodontal epidemiology.

Community dental health, 1992
The prevalence and severity of periodontitis is considerably lower than was previously estimated. The available epidemiological methods are based on the premise that loss of periodontal attachment is a unique sign of periodontitis. However, additional factors resulting in loss of periodontal attachment confound data obtained from modern studies.
N G, Clarke, R S, Hirsch
openaire   +1 more source

Hypothesis: Gonadal Hormones Act as Confounders in Epidemiological Studies of the Associations between Some Behavioural Risk Factors and Some Pathological Conditions

Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2001
There are grounds for suspecting that, to varying degrees, smoking, alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive use, vasectomy and induced abortion are markers for high steroid hormone levels. So in epidemiological studies, false inferences may be drawn that these markers (treated as risk factors) have causal or exacerbating effects on diseases which are ...
openaire   +2 more sources

Confounding Factors and the Use of Epidemiological Data in Risk Assessment

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2002
openaire   +2 more sources

Approaches to addressing missing values, measurement error, and confounding in epidemiologic studies

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2021
Maarten van Smeden   +2 more
exaly  

Clinical insights into small cell lung cancer: Tumor heterogeneity, diagnosis, therapy, and future directions

Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2023
Carl M Gay   +2 more
exaly  

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