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Cooperative Learning Contingencies: Unrelated versus Related Individual and Group Contingencies
Journal of Behavioral Education, 2006College students operating under related cooperative contingencies (students had to earn individual credit before being considered for group credit) showed more consistent individual and group improvement on exam performance than students operating under unrelated contingencies (individual credit and group credit were independently determined).
Erin Carroll +2 more
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Attention modulates the learning of multiple contingencies
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2006We employed a novel version of the serial reaction time task to test the idea that human implicit learning allows the simultaneous learning of multiple independent contingencies and that this learning may proceed in the absence of attention. Using probabilistic sequences, we showed that both a primary sequence (the focus of the experimental task) and a
Lee A, Rowland, David R, Shanks
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2022
The present report investigated whether nonmusicians can incidentally learn musical skills needed for sight-reading. On each trial, participants identified a note name written inside of a note on the musical staff. In Experiment 1, each note was presented frequently with the congruent note name (e.g., “do” with the note for “do”) and rarely with the ...
Iorio, Claudia +3 more
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The present report investigated whether nonmusicians can incidentally learn musical skills needed for sight-reading. On each trial, participants identified a note name written inside of a note on the musical staff. In Experiment 1, each note was presented frequently with the congruent note name (e.g., “do” with the note for “do”) and rarely with the ...
Iorio, Claudia +3 more
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Response-contingent Learning in Children at Risk
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1981Ninety-nine male offspring at ages 7 and 10, from schizophrenic, affective psychotic, nonpsychotic patient, and normal control parents performed a nonsense syllable discrimination task administered under each of three reinforcement conditions: neutral information feedback, and two response-contingent conditions, praise and censure.
R H, Klein, L F, Salzman
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ERP evidence for conflict in contingency learning
Psychophysiology, 2017AbstractThe proportion congruency effect refers to the observation that the magnitude of the Stroop effect increases as the proportion of congruent trials in a block increases. Contemporary work shows that proportion effects can be driven by both context and individual items, and are referred to as context‐specific proportion congruency (CSPC) and item‐
Peter S, Whitehead +2 more
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Contingent Features for Reinforcement Learning
2014Applying reinforcement learning algorithms in real-world domains is challenging because relevant state information is often embedded in a stream of high-dimensional sensor data. This paper describes a novel algorithm for learning task-relevant features through interactions with the environment.
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Contingency violation in extinction learning
AbstractIn extinction learning, contextual renewal occurs when an extinguished behavior reemerges after a context change. A key question is how stimuli become integrated as contextual cues. While contingency, the predictive relationship between stimuli and outcomes; is known to be important, its precise contribution remains unclear. Using a ABA renewalRobert Willma +3 more
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Cooperative learning and group contingencies
Journal of Behavioral Education, 1991This paper discusses the similarities and differences between cooperative learning and group contingencies. Cooperative learning refers to any methods in which students work together to help one another learn, while group contingencies refer to rewarding students based on the performance of a group.
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NOTE ON LEARNING, CONTINGENCY, AND CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1966Elementary learning is not sensitive to contingencies between presence—absence variates. Even adult subjects, who under optimal conditions are capable of grasping the concept of contingency, normally do not appear to utilize this concept. The available evidence reduces confidence in the realism of clinical judgments, and is consonant with certain ...
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