Results 31 to 40 of about 6,043,564 (322)

Cholinergic innervation is necessary to shift reward timing activity in rodent visual cortex [PDF]

, 2011
While the biological analogue of prediction error has been well characterized in the midbrain dopaminergic system, the possibility of other neuromodulatory systems acting as global reinforcers is a topic of much debate.
Emma Roach, Marshall Hussain Shuler
core   +2 more sources

Context-Specific Temporal Learning With Non-Conflict Stimuli: Proof-of-Principle for a Learning Account of Context-Specific Proportion Congruent Effects

Frontiers in Psychology, 2014
The conflict adaptation account proposes that participants adjust attention to target and distracting stimuli in response to conflict. This is argued to explain the proportion congruent effect, wherein the congruency effect decreases as the proportion of
James R Schmidt, Céline eLemercier, Jan eDe Houwer   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

When All Is Still Concealed: Are We Closer to Understanding the Mechanisms Underlying Evaluative Conditioning? [PDF]

, 2001
Fulcher and Hammerl's (2001) important exploration of the role of contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning (EC) raises a lot of issues for discussion: (1) what boundaries, if any, exist between EC and affective learning paradigms?; (2) if EC does
Field, Andy P
core   +1 more source

Evaluative Conditioning Is Pavlovian Conditioning: Issues of Definition, Measurement, and the Theoretical Importance of Contingency Awareness [PDF]

, 2000
In her commentary of Field (1999), Hammerl (1999) has drawn attention to several interesting points concerning the issue of contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning. First, she comments on several contentious issues arising from Field's review of
Allen, Andy P. Field, Baeyens, Baeyens, Baeyens, Baeyens, Baeyens, Darley, Davey, Davey, Dawson, Dawson, Dickinson, Eysenck, Field, Field, Field, Field, Fulcher, Grant, Hammerl, Hammerl, Hammerl, Hammerl, Hammerl, Kellaris, Page, Page, Sclafani, Shanks, Shanks, Shimp, Öhman   +32 more
core   +1 more source

Flexibility and agility in pedagogical contingency planning design in open, distance and e-learning

Perspectives in Education, 2022
Pedagogical contingency policy planning in open distance and e-learning plays a critical role in achieving the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, with the aim to stem poverty, protect the ...
Jabulani Nyoni
doaj   +3 more sources

Neural substrates of contingency learning and executive control: dissociating physical, valuative, and behavioral changes

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2009
Contingency learning is fundamental to cognition. Knowledge about environmental contingencies allows behavioral flexibility, as executive control processes accommodate the demands of novel or changing environments.
O'Dhaniel A Mullette-Gillman, O'Dhaniel A Mullette-Gillman, O'Dhaniel A Mullette-Gillman, Scott A Huettel, Scott A Huettel, Scott A Huettel   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Are the symptoms really remitting? How the subjective interpretation of outcomes can produce an illusion of causality

Judgment and Decision Making, 2020
Judgments of a treatment’s effectiveness are usually biased by the probability with which the outcome (e.g., symptom relief) appears: even when the treatment is completely ineffective (i.e., there is a null contingency between cause and outcome ...
Fernando Blanco, Maria Manuela Moreno-Fernández, Helena Matute   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Accounting for Proportion Congruency Effects in the Stroop Task in a Confounded Setup: Retrieval of Stimulus-Response Episodes Explains it All

Journal of Cognition, 2022
Proportion congruency (PC) effects on the strength of distractor interference were investigated in a high-powered (n = 109), pre-registered experiment in which participants had to identify the ink color of color words. Replicating the standard PC effect,
Klaus Rothermund, Nathalie Gollnick, Carina G. Giesen   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Learned predictiveness influences automatic evaluations in human contingency learning [PDF]

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2013
Experiments used an affective priming procedure to investigate whether evaluative conditioning in humans is subject to bias as a consequence of differences in the learned predictiveness of the cues involved. Experiment 1, using brief prime presentation, demonstrated stronger affective priming for cues that had been predictive of a neutral attribute ...
Le Pelley, M. E., Calvini, G., Spears, R.   +2 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Context-specific proportion congruency effects: An episodic learning account and computational model

Frontiers in Psychology, 2016
In the Stroop task, participants identify the print colour of colour words. The congruency effect is the observation that response times and errors are increased when the word and colour are incongruent (e.g., the word red in green ink) relative to when ...
James R Schmidt
doaj   +1 more source