A Markov approach to credit rating migration conditional on economic states
Canadian Journal of Statistics, EarlyView.Abstract We develop a model for credit rating migration that accounts for the impact of economic state fluctuations on default probabilities. The joint process for the economic state and the rating is modelled as a time‐homogeneous Markov chain. While the rating process itself possesses the Markov property only under restrictive conditions, methods ...
Michael Kalkbrener, Natalie Packham
wiley +1 more source
An efficient assignment of multiple agricultural machinery tasks based on Chaotic Cauchy Elite Variable Snake Optimization Algorithm. [PDF]
PLoS OneXiang R +5 more
europepmc +1 more source
Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, EarlyView.ABSTRACT This paper examines how mergers and acquisitions (M&As) affect post‐deal sustainability outcomes by introducing the novel construct of ESG divergence, defined as the distance between acquirer and target firms' pre‐deal ESG profiles. While M&As are increasingly used to accelerate sustainability integration, their ESG impact remains ambiguous ...
Ilaria Galavotti, Donatella Depperu
wiley +1 more source
Natural gas price prediction based on artificial intelligence models. [PDF]
PLoS OneLiu X +5 more
europepmc +1 more source
Charting Resource Efficiency Practices Across European Firms: A Multilevel Analysis
Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, EarlyView.ABSTRACT The circular economy (CE) is a key sustainability paradigm, prompting European Union (EU) organizations and policymakers to move beyond linear production and consumption models. The study aimed to assess the implementation patterns of nine CE activities among EU companies and to explore how the implementation of these CE activities relates to ...
Sofia Gomes +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Reinforcement learning control method for greenhouse vegetable irrigation driven by dynamic clipping and negative incentive mechanism. [PDF]
Front Plant SciTang R +4 more
europepmc +1 more source
Challenges and Enablers in Embedding SDGs Within Sustainability Reports
Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, EarlyView.ABSTRACT This study explores how Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are integrated into sustainability reporting (SR), emphasizing the role of reporting in advancing transparency and sustainable development. Using a systematic literature review of 139 academic articles, the research identifies four thematic clusters: Communication, Determinant ...
Francesco Pacchera +4 more
wiley +1 more source
Evolutionary game model of intellectual property pledge financing between technology-based SMEs and banks based on the EVCC. [PDF]
PLoS OneDong LN, Zhang M.
europepmc +1 more source
From Antagonism to Convergence: Economics and Linguistic Diversity
, 2003 François Grin
openalex +1 more source