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The Concept of Revolution in the Sciences: Michael Polanyi's Differences With Thomas Kuhn on Scientific Revolutions

Natural Sciences, Volume 6, Issue 3, July 2026.
ABSTRACT Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) was a blockbuster publication that problematized notions about the origins and nature of scientific revolutions. What became Kuhn's famous rubrics of “normal science” and “paradigms” were similar to concepts of “tacit knowledge” and scientific “frameworks” or “dogmas” in Michael ...
Mary Jo Nye
wiley   +1 more source

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Observational cosmology

2021
Abstract The main strands of observation in cosmology are presented. These are redshift surveys using standard candles; galaxy distributions; age estimates drawing on a number of strands of evidence; and the CMB radiation. The chapter begins with a discussion of systemtic and statistical error in measurements, and explains the ...
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Observer dependence in quantum cosmology

Physical Review D, 1993
The main thesis of this paper is that minisuperspace quantum cosmology reproduces the observer dependence of the vacuum found in quantum field theory in curved spacetime. We show that the vacua picked up by the Hartle-Hawking "no boundary" proposal in two different minisuperspaces sharing the same classical limit ($k=0$ and $k=1$ de Sitter ...
, Calzetta, , Kandus
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Observational cosmology

2003
Abstract The isotropic 2.7 K blackbody radiation, the 24 per cent cosmic helium abundance, and the similarity between the ages of galaxies and the age of the universe all support the big-bang models derived from general relativity assuming the cosmological principle. Can we test these models in more detail?
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Observational cosmology and cosmological models

Soviet Physics Uspekhi, 1987
N.S. Kardashev, Vladimir N. Lukash, Igor D. Novikov   +2 more
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Observational Cosmology

Science, 1978
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Cosmological observations

1997
G. F. R. Ellis, J. Wainwright
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Modern Cosmological Observations

2002
I present a brief discussion of recent extragalactic astrophysics observations relevant to Observational Cosmology. I review some recent results on surveys of galaxies, clusters and Active Galactic Nuclei in the optical, X-ray IR and submm part of the spectrum. The cosmological significance of these observations is discussed.
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Cosmology and Observation

2023
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Observational Aspects of Cosmology

Science, 1966
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