Results 51 to 60 of about 3,207,165 (311)
Frontiers in Public Health, 2022 Pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN) describes the use of divergent psychoactive substances to enhance mental performance (cognition) without medical need. This kind of substance abuse takes place predominantly in stressful situations.
Philipp Dominik +3 more
doaj +1 more source
How do "technical" design-choices made when building algorithmic decision-making tools for criminal justice authorities create constitutional dangers? [PDF]
arXiv, 2023 This two part paper argues that seemingly "technical" choices made by developers of machine-learning based algorithmic tools used to inform decisions by criminal justice authorities can create serious constitutional dangers, enhancing the likelihood of abuse of decision-making power and the scope and magnitude of injustice. Drawing on three algorithmic
arxiv
How do "technical" design-choices made when building algorithmic decision-making tools for criminal justice authorities create constitutional dangers? Part II [PDF]
arXiv, 2023 This two-part paper argues that seemingly "technical" choices made by developers of machine-learning based algorithmic tools used to inform decisions by criminal justice authorities can create serious constitutional dangers, enhancing the likelihood of abuse of decision-making power and the scope and magnitude of injustice. Drawing on three algorithmic
arxiv
CrimeGNN: Harnessing the Power of Graph Neural Networks for Community Detection in Criminal Networks [PDF]
arXiv, 2023 In this paper, we introduce CrimeGNN, a novel application of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) specifically designed to uncover hidden communities within criminal networks. As criminal activities increasingly rely on complex network structures, traditional methods of network analysis often fall short in detecting the intricate and dynamic communities within
arxiv
Gambling and crime: An exploration of gambling availability and culture in an English prison
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, Volume 32, Issue 6, Page 389-403, December 2022., 2022 Abstract Background There is evidence that prisoners have the highest rate of problem gambling in any population, but little is known about the nature of in‐prison gambling, the motives for it or how it relates to prior gambling behaviour. Aims To investigate the prevalence and type of gambling prior to prison and the prevalence, type, and reasons for ...
Lauren Rebecca Smith +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Cogent Social SciencesWomen’s sexual and reproductive health plays an important role in fulfilling human rights. Even during Covid-19 pandemic, it is important to fulfill sexual and reproductive health rights. However, many human rights violations occur among minority groups,
M. Kenza Radhya E.A +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Going dark? Analysing the impact of end-to-end encryption on the outcome of Dutch criminal court cases [PDF]
arXiv, 2021 Law enforcement agencies struggle with criminals using to end-to-end encryption (E2EE). A recent policy paper states: "while encryption is vital and privacy and cyber security must be protected, that should not come at the expense of wholly precluding law enforcement".
arxiv
A review of judicial enforcement of arbitral awards in South Africa
Conflict Resolution Quarterly, Volume 40, Issue 2, Page 271-277, Winter 2022., 2022 Abstract This article postulates the constitutional ethos of upholding contracts entered between parties on the principle of good faith in practice. This is aligned to the international principle of respecting party autonomy between parties in court.
Rashri Baboolal‐Frank
wiley +1 more source
Examining the relation between education, recidivism & crime prevention
Discover Global SocietyThis article examines the relation between education in prisons and the reduction of recidivism, assessing the potential benefits of prison education and vocational programs at an international scale.
Georgios Chloupis, Despoina Kontompasi
doaj +1 more source
Advanced Science, EarlyView.This study develops an Au/S‐doped reduced graphene oxide (Au@S‐rGO) sensor for rapid fentanyl detection. DFT simulations and structural analysis confirm atomically dispersed Au/S configurations, enhancing catalytic activity. The sensor achieves a 9.7 nmol L−1 detection limit, 98–104% recovery in human serum, and 85.7–93.6% consistency with mass ...
Meng Li +9 more
wiley +1 more source