Why the Cross-Lagged Panel Model Is Almost Never the Right Choice
The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) is a widely used technique for examining reciprocal causal effects using longitudinal data. Critics of the CLPM have noted that by failing to account for certain person-level associations, estimates of these causal ...
Richard E. Lucas
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Comparing findings from the random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel model and the monozygotic twin difference cross‐lagged panel model: Maladaptive parenting and offspring emotional and behavioural problems [PDF]
Background In this study we compare results obtained when applying the monozygotic twin difference cross‐lagged panel model (MZD‐CLPM) and a random intercept cross‐lagged panel model (RI‐CLPM) to the same data.
Marie‐Louise J. Kullberg +6 more
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The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Study [PDF]
Insufficient physical activity (PA) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) frequently co-occur during adolescence, but whether their prospective association reflects stable differences between adolescents or within-person fluctuations remains unclear. This
Hui Wang, Yongguan Dai
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Re-examining the pain–depression vicious cycle in knee osteoarthritis: a random-intercept cross-lagged panel analysis [PDF]
Background Pain and depression frequently co-occur in knee osteoarthritis (OA), traditionally viewed as a vicious cycle in which each worsens the other over time.
Yannick Bruns, Hendrik Fahlbusch
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Longitudinal associations between memory and emergent literacy from 3 to 6 years of age: a four-wave random-intercept cross-lagged panel study [PDF]
Background Memory and emergent literacy are foundational to children’s early learning. However, it remains unclear whether their longitudinal association reflects stable differences between children, developmental fluctuations within children, or both ...
Jin-long Liang, Xin-ling Cui
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Inconclusive prospective associations between food insecurity, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms: a comment on Baek and Yoon (2026) [PDF]
Based on findings with the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), Baek and Yoon concluded that food insecurity and poor psychological health exacerbate each other in a vicious cycle. However, the RI-CLPM is susceptible to spurious findings.
Kimmo Sorjonen, Bo Melin, Marika Melin
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Spurious effects in random-intercept cross-lagged panel models: Results from simulations and reanalyses of data on self-esteem and problematic eating behaviors used by Beckers et al. (2023). [PDF]
The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) is an extension of the traditional cross-lagged panel model. The RI-CPLM specifically addresses prospective effects within individuals.
Kimmo Sorjonen +3 more
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Inconclusive mutually reinforcing effects between associative learning and fluid intelligence: simulated reanalyses and a comment on Ren et al. (2026) [PDF]
Based on findings from analyses with the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), Ren et al. concluded reinforcing longitudinal effects between associative learning and fluid intelligence.
Kimmo Sorjonen, Bo Melin, Marika Melin
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A comparative multi-method re-analysis of the longitudinal evidence for causal intergroup contact effects on attitudes [PDF]
Intergroup contact has been promoted as a powerful means to improve intergroup relations, but causal evidence for the effectiveness of contact in affecting outgroup attitudes is scarce.
Maria-Therese Friehs +26 more
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How trust prospectively predicts perceived fairness and learning motivation toward AI teaching assistants: a three-wave within-person longitudinal study [PDF]
Artificial intelligence teaching assistants (AITAs) are increasingly embedded in higher education, yet how students’ trust, fairness perceptions, and motivation form and reciprocally shape one another over time remains poorly understood, because cross ...
Lizhuo Fu, Zipei Ouyang, Qingtian Wu
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