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Why the Cross-Lagged Panel Model Is Almost Never the Right Choice

Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2023
The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) is a widely used technique for examining reciprocal causal effects using longitudinal data. Critics of the CLPM have noted that by failing to account for certain person-level associations, estimates of these causal ...
Richard E. Lucas
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Spurious effects in random-intercept cross-lagged panel models: Results from simulations and reanalyses of data on self-esteem and problematic eating behaviors used by Beckers et al. (2023). [PDF]

PLoS ONE
The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) is an extension of the traditional cross-lagged panel model. The RI-CPLM specifically addresses prospective effects within individuals.
Kimmo Sorjonen, Gustav Nilsonne, Ata Ghaderi, Bo Melin   +3 more
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Inconclusive prospective associations between maternal emotional expressiveness and children’s callous-unemotional traits: a reanalysis and comment on Hu et al. (2026) [PDF]

Frontiers in Psychology
In a recent study, researchers used cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) and concluded prospective associations between maternal emotional expressiveness and children’s callous-unemotional traits. However, it is well established that associations in the CLPM
Kimmo Sorjonen, Bo Melin, Marika Melin
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A bidirectional association between smartphone addiction and depression among college students: A cross-lagged panel model

Frontiers in Public Health, 2023
BackgroundSmartphone addiction (SA) is associated with adverse consequences, especially for freshmen. Evidence indicates that SA is associated with depression, and it is necessary to conduct a longitudinal study to explore the association further ...
Kexin Zhang, Haiyun Guo, Tianli Wang, Jianghui Zhang, Guojing Yuan, Juan Ren, Xueqing Zhang, Huayu Yang, Xiaoyan Lu, Zhihui Zhu, Jun Du, Haiyan Shi, Guifang Jin, Jiahu Hao, Ying Sun, Puyu Su, Zhihua Zhang   +16 more
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Longitudinal association between problematic social media use and school refusal among adolescents: a random intercept cross-lagged panel model [PDF]

Frontiers in Psychology
IntroductionProblematic social media use (PSMU) and school refusal have become increasingly prevalent during adolescence. However, the longitudinal association between these two constructs remains insufficiently understood, particularly with respect to ...
Guoqing Min, Guoqing Min, Jing Yue, Jing Yue, Yan Zhang, Yan Zhang, Juan Yan, Juan Yan, Danning Zhang, Kunqiang Yu, Haibin Li   +10 more
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The relationship between interpersonal competence and depressive symptoms among Chinese people’s armed police soldiers: an integration of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses [PDF]

BMC Psychology
Background This study aims to examine the association between interpersonal competence (IC) and depressive symptoms among soldiers of the Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP).
Liyun Sun, Min Li
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A longitudinal inquiry into the vicious cycle of social media addiction and self-injury: the moderating role of resilience [PDF]

Frontiers in Psychiatry
BackgroundThe reciprocal relationship between social networking addiction (SNA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) represents a critical, yet poorly understood, feedback loop in adolescent psychopathology.
Meihong Deng, Wenyi Guo, Wenyi Guo
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Longitudinal associations between food fussiness and parental feeding behaviors in Chinese children: between- and within-person effects [PDF]

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Background The directionality of longitudinal associations between children’s food fussiness and parental feeding behaviors remains contested. This study aimed to assess the dynamic relationship between children’s food fussiness and feeding behaviors ...
Fangge Qu, Yujia Chen, Xinyi Song, Xiaoxue Wei, Zhihui Zhao, Chenjun Wu, Ruxing Wu, Jian Wang, Xianqing Tang, Jinjin Chen, Daqiao Zhu   +10 more
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Using triangulation to evaluate findings from random-intercept cross-lagged panel models: An application with data on curiosity and creativity. [PDF]

PLoS ONE
In a recent study, researchers found cross-lagged effects between curiosity and creativity in an analysis with the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) and concluded that curiosity and creativity mutually reinforce each other.
Kimmo Sorjonen, Bo Melin
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The relationship between psychological resilience, decision confidence, and officiating pressure of college basketball referees: a cross-lagged study [PDF]

Frontiers in Psychology
ObjectivesTo address the limitations of prior cross-sectional studies, this study employed a longitudinal follow-up design to investigate the reciprocal longitudinal relationships among psychological resilience, decision confidence, and officiating ...
Zhihao Feng, Zhengyang Zhao, Tong Wang, Qian Luo, Yongfeng Liu   +4 more
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