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2009
1. Cross-sectional studies measure the exposure and the outcome at the same time. 2. Cross-sectional studies estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition. 3. Cross-sectional studies cannot establish a temporal relationship between the exposure and the outcome.
Manolis Kogevinas, Leda Chatzi
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1. Cross-sectional studies measure the exposure and the outcome at the same time. 2. Cross-sectional studies estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition. 3. Cross-sectional studies cannot establish a temporal relationship between the exposure and the outcome.
Manolis Kogevinas, Leda Chatzi
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American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2014
Across-sectional study is an observational study in which the exposure and the outcome are determined at the same time point for each study participant. Cross-sectional studies comprise the simplest individual-level observational study design and are usually relatively inexpensive and easy to conduct compared with case-control or cohort studies.
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Across-sectional study is an observational study in which the exposure and the outcome are determined at the same time point for each study participant. Cross-sectional studies comprise the simplest individual-level observational study design and are usually relatively inexpensive and easy to conduct compared with case-control or cohort studies.
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BMJ, 2010
Researchers investigated public perception, anxiety, and behaviour with regard to the outbreak of swine flu.1 A cross sectional survey was used, with random dialling of telephone numbers in England, Scotland, and Wales. In total, 997 adults aged over 18 years—who had heard of swine flu and spoke English—were interviewed between 8 May and 12 May 2009 ...
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Researchers investigated public perception, anxiety, and behaviour with regard to the outbreak of swine flu.1 A cross sectional survey was used, with random dialling of telephone numbers in England, Scotland, and Wales. In total, 997 adults aged over 18 years—who had heard of swine flu and spoke English—were interviewed between 8 May and 12 May 2009 ...
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1988
In cohort studies, subjects are followed in a forward direction from exposure to outcome, and inferential reasoning is from cause to effect. In case-control studies, subjects are investigated in a backward direction from outcome to exposure; inference is from effect to cause.
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In cohort studies, subjects are followed in a forward direction from exposure to outcome, and inferential reasoning is from cause to effect. In case-control studies, subjects are investigated in a backward direction from outcome to exposure; inference is from effect to cause.
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