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Measuring Defense Expenditures
2003Defense expenditures are an aggregate measure of inputs; they express payments to military manpower and to suppliers of goods and services in a given period. But as in other cases where the output of government expenditures is difficult to evaluate, the common practice is to see military expenditures as an aggregate measure of output too.
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Defense Expenditures And Economic Growth In Developing Countries
Armed Forces & Society, 1985In an earlier issue, we suggested that previous research on the effect of defense spending on economic growth has by and large produced no conclusive results. We hypothesized this might have resulted from studies which basically ignored the relative financial constraints faced by individual countries.
Frederiksen, P.C., Looney, R.E.
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Defense Expenditures: Evaluation of Turkey
2023Ülke bağımsızlığını ve güvenliğini sağlamanın en temel gereksinimi olan savunma hizmeti devletin temel görevleri arasında sayılmaktadır. Gerçekleştirilecek olan savunma hizmetinin ülke kaynaklarından ne ölçüde pay aldığı ise her zaman dikkat çekmiştir. Ayrıca savunma harcamalarının boyutu ve kapsamı da önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada savunma
DOĞAN, Alper, KABAYEL, Emine
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Using spatially desegregated data on measures of pollution to derive economic damage estimates, the main purpose of the book is to gauge the environmental damage sustained as a result of economic activities and to offer an insight into how the information generated can be used in conjunction with conventional economic accounts.
Marialuisa Tamborra +2 more
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Marialuisa Tamborra +2 more
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Environmental defensive expenditures and households behaviour in Italy
Applied Economics, 2002The paper explores the role of Environmental Defensive Expenditures in the consumption behaviour of Italian households. Environmental Defensive Expenditures are not borne to increase households' welfare, but to prevent or avoid the effects of a worsening environmental quality.
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An estimate of environmental and defensive expenditures
1996In the first part of this chapter, the concept of ‘environmental defensive expenditure’ will be defined and the economic significance of this aggregate will be discussed. Next, the accounting treatment of different types of defensive expenditures in the current system of national accounting will be described.
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Defense policy and defense expenditure decision‐making
Lo Spettatore Internazionale, 1980Roberto Aliboni +3 more
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