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A brief survey is provided of common designs for medical studies and important issues in their implementation. The designs discussed include those for laboratory studies, clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control and related studies, and diagnostic studies.
Farewell, Vernon T., Farewell, Daniel M.
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Study Designs: Diagnostic Studies
Diagnostic tests are evolving with betterment of technology, quest for patient safety with less invasive medicine, and evolution of new diseases. It is important to assess diagnostic accuracy of a new test, and clinical impact of introduction of new test on outcomes and cost.
Nitin, Dhochak, Rakesh, Lodha
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Study Design: Observational Studies
Observational study designs are those where the investigator/researcher just observes and does not carry out any intervention(s)/actions to alter the outcome. The three most common types of observational studies are cross-sectional, case control and cohort (or longitudinal). In cross-sectional studies, both the exposure/risk factor(s) and the outcome(s)
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The Design of Replication Studies
Abstract Empirical evaluations of replication have become increasingly common, but there has been no unified approach to doing so. Some evaluations conduct only a single replication study while others run several, usually across multiple laboratories.
Hedges, Larry V., Schauer, Jacob M.
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The numbers of clinical trials have increased exponentially over the last decade, amplifying the pressure to select an appropriate study design to obtain reliable and valid evidence. The ability to find, critically appraise and use evidence to develop new interventions is fundamental to evidence-based medicine.
Aquilina, J, Neves, J, Tran, M
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Interventional studies are specifically designed to evaluate direct impact of therapeutic or preventive measures on outcomes by assigning participants into treatment/intervention or control group. Main types of interventional study designs are: single-arm interventional studies, non-randomized controlled trials, cross-over trials, randomized controlled
Neha, Thakur, Dheeraj, Shah
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Reimagining and Decolonizing the Language of Design
This article examines how traditional design methodologies predominantly serve Western and colonial interests, urging designers to rethink their foundations through decolonial theories and methods.
Nidhi Singh Rathore
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Colour dematerialization in spiritual literature and painting
Colour in variety of art expression can be interpreted differently. This study is aiming at analyzing the colour dematerialization of Javanese spiritual literature “Falsafah Jeroning Warna” by Suprapto Kadis and a painting by Ahmad Sadali entitled ...
Dadang Sudrajat +3 more
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Intelligent textiles and sports clothing [PDF]
Special purpose fibers were found only in the middle of the last century and since then the possibility of their application has been studied. These fibers are used in the production of clothing that requires specific protective functions such as ...
Savić Kristina +3 more
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The concept of Village-City Development's hegemony is being clarified in various media outlets, necessitating periodic reviews to strike a balance between the two.
Deti Rahmawati, Soedarso, Arfan Fahmi
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