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Spiers Memorial Lecture: Emerging semiconductors viewed through the lens of a scanning electron microscope.

Faraday Discuss
Martin RW.
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Upper bound of the diffraction efficiency of diffractive phase elements

Optics Letters, 1991
An upper bound of the diffraction efficiency of diffractive elements that only influence the phase of the illumination wave is derived. The derivation only utilizes the specification of the desired diffraction pattern. It is independent of the technique to design and fabricate the diffractive element.
Frank Wyrowski, F Wyrowski
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Effects of manufacturing errors on diffraction efficiency for multilayer diffractive optical elements

Applied Optics, 2011
The effect of manufacturing errors on diffraction efficiency for multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) used in imaging optical systems is discussed in this paper. The relationship of diffraction efficiency and depth-scaling errors are analyzed for two different cases: the two relative depth-scaling errors change in the same sign and in the ...
Liangliang, Yang, Qingfeng, Cui, Tao, Liu, Changxi, Xue   +3 more
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Efficiency analysis of diffractive lenses

Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2001
Multilevel diffractive optical elements are necessary for achieving high-efficiency performance. Here the diffraction efficiency of a multilevel phase-only diffractive lens is analyzed. Approximate, as well as more accurate, approaches are presented. Both plane-wave and Gaussian illumination are discussed.
U, Levy, D, Mendlovic, E, Marom
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Efficient method for evaluation of the diffraction efficiency upper bound of diffractive phase elements

Optics Letters, 2000
The theoretical diffraction efficiency upper limit of diffractive phase elements (DPE's) with finite apertures is investigated. A successful numerical method of evaluating the efficiency upper bound of DPE's is proposed. The method includes a hybrid optimization procedure that combines a genetic algorithm with the conjugate gradient method.
G, Zhou, X, Yuan, P, Dowd, Y L, Lam, Y C, Chan   +4 more
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Diffraction efficiency of random binary-amplitude diffracting screens

Applied Optics, 1994
The diffraction characteristics of random binary-amplitude diffracting screens are investigated. It is shown that, for such a random diffracting screen with complex amplitude transmittance t equal to either 0 or 1, the diffraction efficiency of the screen is maximized when 50% of the screen has transmittance t = 1, independent of other characteristics ...
W T, Rhodes, M S, McMeekin
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Diffraction efficiency of holographic blazed diffraction gratings

Czechoslovak Journal of Physics, 1991
Holographic blazed diffraction grating is analysed as a periodic relief of an inclined sinusoidal curve in the shallow profile approximation. Under the condition that the rate of the development is a linear function of the development dose the evolution of the relief during the development is discussed.
I. Aubrecht, M. Miler
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Performance of diffractive lenses with nonunity diffraction efficiency

Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, 1990
The unique optical properties of diffractive optical elements make them attractive candidates for a wide variety of applications. Unlike conventional optical elements, however, diffractive optics can simultaneously produce more than one image, resulting from the various diffracted orders.
Dale A. Buralli, G. Michael Morris
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