Results 191 to 200 of about 13,896 (236)
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Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1979
Abstract A new gene for a new purpose may be created by mutation of a pre-existing gene. But if that original gene is still required for its original purpose, and is to be retained side by side with the new, a spare copy is needed initially as raw material for the innovation. Thus in haploids the original gene must be duplicated before it is modified.
J, Lewis, L, Wolpert
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Abstract A new gene for a new purpose may be created by mutation of a pre-existing gene. But if that original gene is still required for its original purpose, and is to be retained side by side with the new, a spare copy is needed initially as raw material for the innovation. Thus in haploids the original gene must be duplicated before it is modified.
J, Lewis, L, Wolpert
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Heterozygosity and Sex Determination in Haplo-Diploidy
The American Naturalist, 1971Sex determination in haplo-diploid animals has been explained by P. W. Whiting's (1939) single-locus, multiple-allele scheme, which is applicable to two cases only, or by da Cunha and Kerr's (1957) genic-balance scheme, a more general hypothesis. I propose a general hypothesis of sex determination in haplo-diploidy, based on Snell's (1935) multiple ...
R. Crozier
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Diploidy restoration in Wolbachia-infected Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2002Thelytokous reproduction, where females produce diploid female offspring without fertilization, can be found in many insects. In some Hymenoptera species, thelytoky is induced by Wolbachia, a group of cytoplasmically inherited bacteria. We compare and contrast early embryonic development in the thelytokous parthenogenetic species Muscidifurax uniraptor
Y. Gottlieb +3 more
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Genetic Error, Sex, and Diploidy
Journal of Heredity, 1993Mathematical models and experiments on transformation are reported testing the hypothesis that sex and diploidy evolved as a DNA repair system. The models focus on the origin of diploidy and sex by studying selection between asexual haploids, sexual haploids, and diploids.
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Diploidy, Population Structure, and the Evolution of Recombination
The American Naturalist, 2009In diploids, sex affects genetic variation through segregation and recombination. Several recent models on the advantage of recombination have focused on the effect of interaction between selection and drift in finite or structured populations; however, these models considered haploid organisms.
D. Roze
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Acta Biotheoretica, 1983
Under the influence of deleterious mutation and selection a population will reach equilibrium and contain individuals with [0, 1, 2 - - mutations.] This deterministic equilibrium distribution is exactly the same for asexual and sexual populations. The size of the optimal class (no), i.e. the class with the smallest number of mutations, is determined by
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Under the influence of deleterious mutation and selection a population will reach equilibrium and contain individuals with [0, 1, 2 - - mutations.] This deterministic equilibrium distribution is exactly the same for asexual and sexual populations. The size of the optimal class (no), i.e. the class with the smallest number of mutations, is determined by
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On the potential for genetic variability in haplo-diploidy
Genetica, 2004Some theory pertaining to the genetic variability of haplo-diploid species is examined. Genetic variability due to wholly deleterious alleles is reduced in haplo-diploid species compared with species with both sexes diploid, but a random numbers experiment suggests that there is no a priori reason to believe haplo-diploidy reduces the likelihood of ...
R. Crozier
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Haploidy or diploidy: which is better?
Nature, 1991Although the evolutionary advantages of sexual reproduction have been extensively discussed, much less attention has been paid to haploid and diploid phases of the sexual life cycle. The relative lengths of these phases differ greatly in various taxa, including as extremes those with one or the other phase reduced to a single cell. Here we consider the
A S, Kondrashov, J F, Crow
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Diploidy for evolving neural networks
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, 2018Genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks are two widely-used techniques that can be combined with each other to produce evolved neural networks. Some research has also looked at the use of diploidy in genetic algorithms for possible advantages over the haploid genetic representation usually used, most notably in the form of better adaptation ...
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Sex and diploidy in Armillaria mellea
Experimental Mycology, 1978The life cycle and sexuality of Armillaria mellea are poorly understood. The mating behavior is atypical, and laboratory fruiting is rare. Genetic studies reported herein are based upon monosporous progeny from 27 distinct fruiting bodies and reveal A. mellea as a bifactorial heterothallic fungus.
Robert C. Ullrich, James B. Anderson
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