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Pythagorean fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS integrated approach for transportation management through a new distance measure

Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 2021
B. Sarkar, A. Biswas
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The measurement of distance

Australian Surveyor, 1973
Abstract Radical changes in the technique of distance measurement followed the introduction of long steel ribands, made possible in 1863 by Chesterman's patented process of treating continuous steel strip. Gunter's linked chains, which had been in use for over 250 years, were replaced by steel tapes up to 10 chains in length, with dramatic improvements
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Measuring Cosmic Distances

2021
The astronomical unit (AU) was first used in ancient Greece after Pythagoras had developed geometry. Although they could not measure the distance from the Earth to the Sun, the Greeks could use the relationships of the angles and sides of a right triangle to determine the distance of Venus or Mercury from the Sun as a function of the Earth–Sun distance,
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Electromagnetic Distance Measurement

1978
The direct method of distance measurement discussed in chapter 1 has the disadvantage that measurements over unsuitable terrain or on congested sites can be very difficult and, in some cases, impossible. This problem was overcome with the development of optical distance measurement techniques (see chapter 6) but, in general, such methods are only ...
J. Uren, W. F. Price
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Medium distance GPS measurements

1998
In this chapter we discuss GPS geodesy at medium distances which in some ways is the most challenging. As indicated in Chapter 1, GPS can be considered a global geodetic positioning system providing nearly instantaneous position with 1–2 cm precision with respect to a consistent terrestrial reference frame. Nevertheless, as we shall see in this chapter,
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