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Is Your ‘Double-Blind’ Design Truly Double-Blind?

British Journal of Psychiatry, 1989
Before a drug trial, researchers reasonably plan that participants will remain ignorant of which drug each patient is taking, reflected in the use of allegedly identical preparations. However, only rarely is this plan subjected to systematic scrutiny after the event, and our point of view is that this is unsatisfactory.
Alison Oxtoby, Angela Jones, Michael Robinson   +2 more
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Blindness and the Validity of the Double-Blind Procedure

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1985
This article describes a method for assessing whether the blindness of a double-blind study is maintained and, if not, whether failure to maintain blindness could have invalidated the results of the study. The benefit of using the method is illustrated in a study of the effect of nicotine gum on the tobacco withdrawal syndrome.
Dean D. Krahn, John R. Hughes
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Blind and Double-Blind Techniques [PDF]

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1969
To the Editor:— This communication is stimulated by Dr. A. Hoffer's letter to The Journal claiming historic priority for the first double— blind study in psychiatry.1 My historic research, not yet completed, indicates that the first double-blind study was done by Rivers (1908) in experimental psychology.2The termdouble-blindwas not used to describe ...
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