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Mechanisms of Echolocation

1963
The cries of bats, although unperceived by our unaided ears, may be made audible by simple electronic apparatus. With such a detector, it is fascinating to observe a bat navigating, negotiating obstacles and catching its prey in the dusk, and to remember that this performance is achieved by acoustic means.
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Echolocation in dolphins and bats

Physics Today, 2007
Stately dolphins and flittering bats both use biosonar for navigating and for catching prey. The details of their echolocation systems, though, have evolved to reflect their different physiologies and environments.
Whitlow W. L. Au, James A. Simmons
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Target Discrimination by the Echolocation of Bats

Science, 1964
AbstractMyotis lucifugus first learned to catch mealworms mechanically projected into the air in a laboratory flight room, and were then trained to distinguish mealworms from small metal or plastic disks (3.0 × 12.5 mm and 0.5 × 6.3 mm). These three targets were presented singly in a semi‐random sequence, traveling along very similar trajectories.
Judith H. Friend   +2 more
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Propagation of beluga echolocation signals

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987
The propagation characteristics of high-frequency echolocation signals (peak energies above 100 kHz) of the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) were measured while the animal performed a target detection task. The whale was trained to station on a bite plate so that its transmission beam could be measured in the vertical and horizontal planes using ...
Ralph H. Penner   +2 more
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Echolocation in Dolphins

2000
Echolocation is the process by which an organism projects acoustic signals in order to obtain a sense of its surroundings from the echoes it receives. In a general sense, any animal with a capability to hear can echolocate by emitting sounds and listening to the echoes.
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The Performance of Echolocation: Acoustic Images Perceived by Echolocating Bats

1988
The performance of echolocation in bats is a measure of the effectiveness of this system of orientation for representing significant features of objects in perceptual images. Performance refers specifically to the quality and content of these images - - to the features of targets which bats can perceive as distinctive and to the acuity of perception of
James A. Simmons, Alan D. Grinnell
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A Theory Of Dolphin Echolocation With Applications To Acoustic Echolocation Systems

Offshore Technology Conference, 1979
ABSTRACT A new theory of echolocation is described that explains in detail the sonar systems employed by Cetaceans and other marine mammals. One unusual feature of the method is the use of phase encoded angular coordinate information.
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Dolphin Echolocation Optimization

2014
Nature has provided inspiration for most of the man-made technologies. Scientists believe that dolphins are the second to humans in smartness and intelligence. Echolocation is the biological sonar used by dolphins and several kinds of other animals for navigation and hunting in various environments.
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Models for Echolocation

1980
Mathematical or engineering models of biological systems are viewed with extreme skepticism (if not with hostility) by some experimental biologists. A discussion about models should take account of this attitude, since the work may otherwise be doomed to obscurity, even if the results are correct.
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Echolocation and Behavior

1980
An echolocating animal can adjust its signal in such a way as to receive a constant frequency for which the ear shows maximum sensitivity and ability to recognize echo characteristics. This is known as an “acoustic fovea”. Is this adjustment the effect of automatic or purposeful behavior?
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