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Ecological Studies and the Ecological Fallacy
AAP Grand Rounds, 2001Ecological studies involve groups of people, rather than individuals, as the units of study. Since group data are easier to obtain (eg, census or other national survey information), these studies are often used to generate hypotheses for further study.
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2020
Ecological studies use aggregated data to infer correlation of exposures with outcomes over time, or by place. One of the first examples of an ecological study was Emile Durkheim’s exploration of country-level factors underlying suicide, first published in 1897.
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Ecological studies use aggregated data to infer correlation of exposures with outcomes over time, or by place. One of the first examples of an ecological study was Emile Durkheim’s exploration of country-level factors underlying suicide, first published in 1897.
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Stable isotopes in ecological studies
Oecologia, 2005Stable isotope ratio analyses at natural abundance levels are an increasingly useful tool in ecological studies, with new papers being published in nearly every issue of Oecologia and other ecological journals. In April 2004, the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (IGNS) co ...
David R, Thompson +4 more
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Selection bias in ecological studies
Public Health, 2017An ecological study is an observational epidemiological study which uses aggregated data instead of individual data, where the aggregation is usually done at some geographical level such as a town, a region, or a country.1 They are typically carried out when an exposure of interest is fully defined at the group level.2 A classical example is the ...
V. Rousson, P.C. Rosselet, F. Paccaud
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A truly ecological epigenetics study.
Molecular ecology, 2011Until a few years ago, epigenetics was a field of research that had nothing to do with ecology and that virtually no ecologist had ever heard of. This is now changing, as more and more ecologists learn about epigenetic processes and their potential ecological and evolutionary relevance, and a new research field of ecological epigenetics is beginning to
Bossdorf Oliver, Zhang Yuanye
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