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The effective atomic number of dosimetric gels
Australasian Physics & Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2008Radiological properties of gel dosimeters and phantom materials are often compared against each other and against water or tissue by consideration parameters including their effective atomic number, Zeff. Effective atomic numbers have been calculated for a range of ferrous-sulphate and polymeric gel dosimeters using mass attenuation coefficient data ...
Taylor, M +3 more
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An Experimental Evaluation of the Atomic Number Effect
Advances in X-ray Analysis, 1973AbstractA method for measuring the atomic number effect is developed using a sandwich sample technique. The depth distributions of x-ray production, ϕ(ρz) curves, have been measured for a zinc tracer in aluminum, copper, silver and gold matrices at 30, 25, 20 and 15 keV. The ϕ(ρz) curves were measured using a Cambridge Microscan 5 in which the electron
L. Parobek, J. D. Brown
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Effective Atomic Numbers of Heterogeneous Materials [PDF]
Nature, 1965 FOR a single element, the three γ-ray processes—photoelectric, Compton and pair production, can be expressed as a function of photon energy hν and the atomic number Z of the element. At a given photon energy, the interaction is proportional to Zn where n is between 4 and 5 for the photoelectric effect, 1 for the Compton effect, and 2 for pair ...
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Effective atomic numbers for materials of dosimetric interest
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 1997Abstract Effective atomic numbers ( Z eff ) for different materials of dosimetric interest have been calculated for total photon interaction in the energy region 1 keV–20 MeV. The calculations are made using the mass attenuation coefficients data from Tables of X-ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Mass Energy-absorption Coefficients 1 keV to ...
K. Venkata Reddy, T. Kiran Kumar
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Effective atomic numbers of alloys from bremsstrahlung measurements [PDF]
Il Nuovo Cimento B, 1977 The effective atomic numbers of three alloys Cu-Ag, Cu-Sn and Sn-Pb were determined by measuring the external-bremsstrahlung (EB) total yields produced in those alloys and also in the constituent elements due to the stoppage in them of the continuous beta-radiation from32P,45Ca,169Er and185W.
D. G. S. Narayana +2 more
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The effective atomic number and the calculation of the composition of phantom materials
The British Journal of Radiology, 1969Abstract The formula for photoelectric absorption given by Walter (1926), used by Spiers (1946) for the calculation of an effective atomic number of a compound material, is adjusted to the values of the attenuation coefficients given by Grodstein (1957). The exponent of the atomic number has to be changed from 2·94 to 3·4 or higher.
J Weber, D J van den Berge
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X-ray energies for effective atomic number determination
Neuroradiology, 1976The measurement of the effective atomic number of a piece of material in vivo can be achieved using computed tomography. The precision of measurement of this parameter depends on the precision of measurement of the X-ray absorption coefficient at two energies and the separation of these energies.
B. R. Pullan +2 more
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Energy dependence of the effective atomic number of alloys
International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1991Abstract To investigate the variation of effective atomic number ( Z eff) of alloys with photon energy, the Z eff of eight different alloys (tungsten steel, monel metal, solder, bell metal, bronze aluminium, bronze ordinary, platinum-rhodium-I and platinum-rhodium-II) have been studied for the total and partial photon interaction processes over ...
Gurbakhash Singh +2 more
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Determination of atomic cross-sections and effective atomic numbers for some alloys
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2000Abstract The transmission of gamma-rays at the energies, 81, 356, 511, 662, 835, 1274 and 1332 keV has been studied on the alloys brass, bronze, steel, aluminum–silicon and lead–antimony. The mass absorption coefficients have been measured. The total interaction cross-sections and effective atomic numbers have been determined on the basis of mixture ...
A.H. El-Kateb +2 more
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Odd-even effects for number of atoms in antiferromagnetic atomic chains on ferromagnetic substrate
Physics of the Solid State, 2010The ground state of an antiferromagnetic atomic chain on a ferromagnetic substrate has been studied taking into account the single-ion anisotropy energy. Qualitatively different behavior of even and odd atomic chains has been demonstrated. A phase diagram in terms of chain length-ferromagnet exchange field has been constructed.
A. S. Sigov, A. I. Morosov, A. A. Berzin
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