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Determination of the effective atomic numbers of light composite materials
2009 IEEE Intrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2009The analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of materials (composite or not) via the determination of change in the effective atomic number (Zeff) can be performed by measuring the relation between the intensities of γ-rays under coherent (Rayleigh) and inelastic (Compton) scattering.
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Measurement of effective atomic number and electron density using an EMI scanner
Neuroradiology, 1976Computed tomography, employing an EMI scanner at two beam energies, can be used to obtain information about the electron density and the effective atomic number of materials. The theory which is discussed has been verified experimentally and then applied in the investigation of some brain tumours in vivo.
R. A. Rutherford +2 more
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Interaction of low‐energy photons with biological materials and the effective atomic number
Medical Physics, 1985The effective atomic numbers for total photon interaction in bone, muscle, liver, spleen, fat, and water are determined and found to decrease up to 50% as the energy increases from 10 to 200 keV. Muscle, spleen, liver, and water are found to behave in an approximately similar manner, in this energy region, as far as photon interaction is concerned.
M. L. N. Raju +4 more
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Effective atomic number and density determination of rocks by X-ray microtomography
Micron, 2015Microtomography, as a non-destructive technique, has become an important tool in studies of internal properties of materials. Recently, interest using this methodology in characterizing the samples with respect to their compositions, especially rocks, has grown.
Carlos Roberto Appoloni +1 more
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Biomedical Engineering, 2006
The results of spectrozonal roentgenographic study performed using a digital scanning fluorograph are presented. It is shown that organic inclusions visible in X-ray photographs made in different spectral ranges can be differentiated by the effective atomic number.
Kornev Ea +4 more
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The results of spectrozonal roentgenographic study performed using a digital scanning fluorograph are presented. It is shown that organic inclusions visible in X-ray photographs made in different spectral ranges can be differentiated by the effective atomic number.
Kornev Ea +4 more
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Studies on the effective atomic numbers of Monel metal and tungsten steel
Il Nuovo Cimento B Series 11, 1976Effective atomic numbers for total gamma-interaction\((\bar Z_{tot} )\) are estimated in the energy region (145÷1330) keV in Monel metal and tungsten steel. They are found to be independent of energy in case of Monel metal but dependent on energy in case of tungsten steel.
K. Siva Sankara Rao +4 more
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The calculation of effective atomic number,
Your correspondents (Hiroaka and Kawashima, 1979) are, I find, correct in stating that 6.97 is the value of Z for mix D (Jones and Raine, 1949) as calculated from the formula of Mayneord (1937), i.e., Z2.94=ΣαiZi2.94, where αi is the electron contribution of the element i and Zi is its atomic number. Unfortunately, the work sheets for this 30- year-old
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Atomic-number dependence of relativistic effects on chemical bonding
2000Abstract The Atomic-number dependence of the relativistic effects on chemical bonding has been studied using the difference (ΔAPB) in the bond overlap populations between the relativistic and nonrelativistic DV-Xα calculations for various XH diatomic hydrides (XCu, Ag, and Au) and XF 6 hexafluorides (XS, Se, Mo, Ru, Rh, Te, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, U ...
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Effective atomic number rule to exchange energy
1995This chapter assesses the effective atomic number rule. The effective atomic number rule applies to molecules where covalent bonding is strong and all the valence orbitals are being used in either homo- and hetero-polar covalent bonds or are occupied by non-binding electron-pairs.
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