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Effluent Charges versus Effluent Standards
1974In their book, Managing Water Quality [6], Kneese and Bower suggested that the use of effluent charges may be more efficient than the use of regulations in environmental policy. The reason for this is that charges induce those firms, for whom it is cheap to reduce activities harmful to the environment, to undertake large-scale reductions, while higher ...
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The Aerobic Treatment of Silage Effluent: Effluent Characterization and Fermentation
Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1995Abstract Analyses were made to characterize silage effluent and identify its major constituents, both in the raw state and during treatment processes. Determinations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactic acid in silage effluent were made using a modified high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Other analyses made included biochemical
E. Galanos +3 more
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Effluent Charges: A Critique *
The Canadian Journal of Economics, 1973Effluent Charges: A Critique. This paper argues that the case for effluent charges as a solution to environmental problems has been substantially overstated mainly because of a general failure to confront the numerous complexities generated by any real world application of the charge technique.
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Effluent recycle and waste minimization in prawn farm effluent
Journal of Cleaner Production, 1999Abstract Prawn farms withdraw huge quantities of sea water and discharge 5–30% of it back to the estuary during water exchange process. The effluent from the prawn ponds contains large quantities of solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and algae and it cannot be discharged into the estuary or ocean without proper effluent treatment.
S Vigneswaran, H.H Ngo, K.L Wee
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Auditing the quality of effluent discharges
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1989The public and their elected representatives want to see whether they get Value-for-Money from investment in preventing pollution.For many rivers, the achievement of good water quality is a matter of regulating the discharges from wastewater treatment plants.
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