Results 251 to 260 of about 23,458 (290)

Measurements of electromagnetic bias at Ku and C bands

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1995
The electromagnetic (EM) bias ε is an error present in radar altimetry of the ocean surface due to nonuniform reflection with surface displacement. The electromagnetic bias is defined as the difference in height between the mean reflecting surface and the mean sea surface.
D. V. Arnold, W. K. Melville, R. H. Stewart, J. A. Kong, W. C. Keller, E. Lamarre   +5 more
openaire   +1 more source

The characteristics of electromagnetic current transformers with DC bias

2009 International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, 2009
Both geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) projects using the earth as its path can cause direct current flowing in the ground. Direct current flux will be produced and has detrimental effects on power systems.
null Changyun Li, null Qingmin Li, null Jinxia Yao, null Min Liu   +3 more
openaire   +1 more source

Spatial analysis of the electromagnetic bias in radar altimetry

IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293), 2003
Measurements of the electromagnetic bias have shown that bias increases with wind speed until about 11 m/s and then begins to decrease. Two possible causes are investigated. First, it could be due to a shift in the backscatter power modulation to the forward or rear face of the wave crests. Second, it could be due to the backscatter power becoming more
J.D. Smith, D.V. Arnold
openaire   +1 more source

The effect of small‐wave modulation on the electromagnetic bias

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1992
The effect of the modulation of small ocean waves by large waves on the physical mechanism of the electromagnetic (EM) bias is examined by conducting a numerical scattering experiment which does not assume the applicability of geometric optics. The modulation effect of the large waves on the small waves is modeled using the principle of conservation of
Ernesto Rodríguez, Yunjin Kim, Jan M. Martin   +2 more
openaire   +1 more source

A Monte Carlo Study of Altimeter Pulse Returns and the Electromagnetic Bias

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010
The electromagnetic (EM) bias is an important error term in sea-surface height estimation from satellite radar altimetry. While the EM bias has been studied extensively, previous studies have utilized hydrodynamic and EM models that require an a priori separation of the sea surface into “long” and “short” waves that are then treated separately.
Praphun Naenna, Joel T. Johnson
openaire   +1 more source

Refining electromagnetic bias estimation [sea surface height measurement]

IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003
Sea surface height measurements using remote sensing instruments have become increasingly accurate as satellite altimetry technology has matured. Early satellite missions had altimetry errors on the order of tens of centimetres. As these errors have been eliminated, the electromagnetic (EM) bias has become increasingly significant. The latest satellite
Floyd W. Millet, Karl F. Warnick, David Arnold 0003   +2 more
openaire   +1 more source

Estimation of the electromagnetic bias from retracked TOPEX data

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1994
We examine the electromagnetic (EM) bias by using retracked TOPEX altimeter data. In contrast to previous studies, we use a parameterization of the EM bias which does not make stringent assumptions about the form of the correction or its global behavior. We find that the most effective single parameter correction uses the altimeter‐estimated wind speed
Ernesto Rodríguez, Jan M. Martin
openaire   +1 more source

Antenna cased bias of polarimetric variables obtained by Electromagnetic simulations

2020 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), 2020
A roadmap for polarimetric weather radar antenna modeling is presented. Validation of the model, as well as comparison of multiple solvers, is presented in determining the most optimal research tool for large polarimetric array modeling. The application of the infinite array approximation is investigated in terms of polarimetric calibration ...
Djordje Mirkovic, Dusan S. Zrnic
openaire   +1 more source

Non-parametric representation of the electromagnetic bias in radar altimetry

IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293), 2003
Most previous analyses of the electromagnetic bias have modeled the bias as parametric function of the wave height and wind speed. Recent studies using indirect electromagnetic bias estimates from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter support that the bias is modeled better with a non-parametric (NP) representation.
J.D. Smith, D.V. Arnold
openaire   +1 more source

Regional differences in electromagnetic bias due to wave slope

IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120), 2002
Recent experiments have shown fundamental differences in the electromagnetic (EM) bias between different regions of the world. In order to account for these difference, various sea and weather parameters are analyzed. A new parameter called wave slope is derived.
F.W. Millet, D. Arnold
openaire   +1 more source