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The elevated plus maze test in mice-difficulties and solutions
International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2008Elevated plus maze test (EPM) is one of the most widely used animal models for screening anxiolytic and anxiogenic agents. It is an exploratory-based approach-avoidance paradigm measuring nonconditioned responses. Its simplicity and relatively low cost made it essential in the preclinical phase of industrial research for central nervous system drugs ...
N. Sziray +4 more
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Submerged plus maze: A novel test for studying anxietyâlike behaviour in fish
Behavioural Brain Research, 2019HighlightsThe submerged plus maze is a new, validated measure of anxiety in fish.The submerged plus maze is an aquatic adaptation of the elevated plus maze.Diazepam exposure increases exploration of the open arms in convict cichlid fish.Open field test ...
Brittany V. Hope, T. Hamilton, P. Hurd
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Anxiolytic-like action of orally administered dl-tetrahydropalmatine in elevated plus-maze
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2003dl-Tetrahydropalmatine (dl-THP), a naturally occurring alkaloid, has been intensively studied for its sedative and hypnotic effects. Putative explanation for its mechanism and target of action involves the dopaminergic neurotransmission system. In view of the close interactions between the dopaminergic and the GABAergic neurons in the amygdala ...
Huen, M +4 more
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Ethopharmacological Analysis of 5-HT Ligands on the Rat Elevated Plus-Maze
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1999The present study investigated the behavioral effects of five 5-HT agonists and antagonists in the rat elevated-plus-maze using conventional and ethologically derived measures. An anxiolytic effect of the 5-HT1A agonist ipsapirone (0.25, 0.75, and 2.25 mg/kg) was detected by risk-assessment and scanning but not by percentage of open-arm entries and ...
J, Setem +4 more
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Raised corticosterone in the rat after exposure to the elevated plus-maze
Psychopharmacology, 1994Rats given one or two 5-min trials in the elevated plus-maze had plasma corticosterone concentrations significantly higher than the home cage control group and there was no sign of habituation in the group given two trials. In rats given two plus-maze trials the corticosterone responses were significantly higher in the group given 10-min rather than 5 ...
S E, File +3 more
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The interplay of learning and anxiety in the elevated plus-maze
Behavioural Brain Research, 1993In naive rats benzodiazepines have clear anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze, but in rats with previous plus-maze experience benzodiazepines are ineffective. This phenomenon does not depend on the drug state on trial 1 or on the inter-trial interval and generalises across mazes of different material; it is dependent on experience of the open ...
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Kappa opioid agonists produce anxiolytic-like behavior on the elevated plus-maze
Psychopharmacology, 1995The selective kappa agonist U-50,488H was evaluated on the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. U-50,488H was administered intraperitoneally to male Sprague-Dawley rats 20 min before testing, first in an open field apparatus, then followed immediately on the elevated plus-maze.
T H, Privette, D M, Terrian
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Anxiolytic Activity of Endogenous Nootropic Dipeptide Cycloprolylglycine in Elevated Plus-Maze Test
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2001Testing in an elevated plus-maze revealed dose-dependent anxiolytic activity of piracetam analog cycloprolylglycine. Intraperitoneal injection of this agent (0.05 mg/kg) 9-fold prolonged the time spent in open arms compared to the control, without affecting the total motor activity.
T A, Gudasheva +3 more
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Dexmedetomidine synergism with midazolam in the elevated plus-maze test in rats
Psychopharmacology, 1992The anxiolytic profile of dexmedetomidine, a novel, highly-selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, was examined in rats in the elevated plus-maze test when administered either alone or in combination with the benzodiazepine agonist midazolam. Dexmedetomidine, 0.1-10 micrograms/kg, was inactive in modifying the rats' behavioral response in this test ...
M, Salonen, E S, Onaivi, M, Maze
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[Assessment of anxiolytics (2)--An elevated plus-maze test].
Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology, 1995When rodents are placed on an elevated plus-maze which consisted of two enclosed arms and two open arms, they enter the enclosed arms more frequently and spend more time on the enclosed arms than on the open arms since they prefer the enclosed arms to the open arms.
M, Imaizumi, S, Miyazaki
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