Endourology - Open Access .click

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Journal of Endourology, 2002
THE FIELD OF ENDOUROLOGY continues to evolve rapidly as a result of technologic improvements and the innovative efforts of a large number of surgeons. As changes occur in patient management and endourologic procedures, it may be difficult for many urologists to incorporate these new approaches into their practices rapidly.
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Outpatient Endourologic Procedures

Urologic Clinics of North America, 1987
Many endourologic procedures can be performed routinely on an outpatient basis, including flexible cystoscopy, ureterorenoscopy, and percutaneous nephroscopy through a mature tract. Others, such as percutaneous nephrostomy, nephrostolithotomy, and antegrade ureteral stent placement, can sometimes be done on an outpatient basis.
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History of lasers in endourology

The French Journal of Urology
While the theory of "stimulated emission," which later led to the development of the laser, was first proposed by A. Einstein in 1917, it was not until 1960 that the American physicist T. Maiman achieved the first laser emission using a ruby crystal as the active medium. In 1966, R.L. Parsons reported the first in vivo use of a laser in urology, in the
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Endourology