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Environmental costs of photovoltaics
IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology, 1993Photovoltaic (PV) systems are almost entirely benign in operation, and potential environmental hazards occur at the production and disposal stages. There are well established methods of monitoring and controlling potential hazards caused by the semiconductor materials used in PV modules such as silicon, copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride ...
R. Hill, A.E. Baumann
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The Environmental Cost of Inequality
Scientific AmericanThe article discusses the relation of economic inequality in the U.S. on the impact of environmental degradation on poor people. Topics include research on the relation between social power and environmental degradation, the relation of political power to economic resources, and the impact of environmental injustice on the health of children.
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Environmental costs in European aviation
Transport Policy, 2001This paper presents estimates of environmental costs in a set of 36 European airline markets. Cost are calculated for noise, air pollution and accident risk using data on aircraft emissions, exposure-response parameters and economic valuation of environmental goods. The 'medium value' cost estimate is 0.0201ECU per passenger-km.
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Social and Environmental Accountability Journal, 2000
(2000). What are environmental costs? Social and Environmental Accountability Journal: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
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(2000). What are environmental costs? Social and Environmental Accountability Journal: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
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Estimating Environmental Costs
Environmental Claims Journal, 2015A database of environmental remediation costs is described as the response cost database (RCD). The database, which contains both capital and operating costs, includes 220 entries for complete activities ranging from studies to remedy components, such as caps, dredging, and pump and treat systems.
Neil S. Shifrin +2 more
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The Cost of Environmental Protection
1998Expenditures for environmental protection in the U.S. are estimated to exceed $150 billion annually or about 2% of GDP. This estimate, based on largely self-reported information, is often cited as an assessment of the burden of current regulatory efforts and a standard against which the associated benefits are measured.
Morgenstern, Richard D. +5 more
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2009
Companies strive to distinguish their products and services. They do their best to present them with features that consumers eventually value higher than rivals’. Such efforts often lead to higher costs, and aiming at price premiums via differentiation strategies is a viable solution for these companies to cover such costs.
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Companies strive to distinguish their products and services. They do their best to present them with features that consumers eventually value higher than rivals’. Such efforts often lead to higher costs, and aiming at price premiums via differentiation strategies is a viable solution for these companies to cover such costs.
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Costs of environmental degradation
Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 2008PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide estimates of damage cost for several areas of the environment. In particular: to estimate the cost of degradation as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) at the national level; to enhance local capacity in environmental economics, in particular in the valuation of environmental degradation; and to ...
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