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European Union member states which have been outside the euro area are obliged to join it as soon as they are able to fulfil the necessary convergence criteria. As a result of the financial crisis of 2008 and the consequences following it, euro area member states have adopted additional rules regulating its functioning which make the accession to the ...
Marek Zieliński
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The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development together comprise the foundation of the global and European economic system and are extremely close in the intertwinement of their ideologies, purposes and operations, even though EBRD is not officially a part of the World Bank Group or the United ...
Andrei Petroia, Dmitrii Negruua
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The European Monetary Fund was the subject of the Second International Seminar on European Economic and Monetary Union, held in Geneva in December of 1979.
R. TRIFFIN
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Europe’s COVID-19 Crisis Response: A Race Well Run, But Not Yet Won
While Europe’s response to the pandemic has been laudable, there remains more to be done in order to prevent economic scarring and ensure a robust recovery.
Alfred Kammer, Nathaniel Arnold
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The economic crisis in the United States and its spread to continental Europe caused a financial crisis in European stock markets, which in turn reduced production in Europe, resulting in rising unemployment, that eventually led to protests against the ...
Aref Bijan, Ehsan Ejazi
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Purpose: The paper aims to present the results of the studies on the impact associated with the membership of the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) countries in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on their economic security, especially in financial terms ...
Marta Gębska
semanticscholar +1 more source
Frontier and Emerging Markets: A Perspective from Portfolio Flows and Financial Integration
This paper investigates to what extent low-income developing countries (LIDCs) characterized as frontier markets (FMs) have begun to be subject to capital flows dynamics typically associated with emerging markets (EMs).
Nordine Abidi +2 more
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AI specialization for pathways of economic diversification
The growth in AI is rapidly transforming the structure of economic production. However, very little is known about how within-AI specialization may relate to broad-based economic diversification.
Saurabh Mishra +8 more
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