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Understanding evolution in systems of systems
2017 IEEE International Systems Engineering Symposium (ISSE), 2017Based on a literature analysis, this paper examines the nature of evolution in Systems of Systems (SoS) by attempting to answer why, where and how change occurs in this new kind of complex systems as well as what unprecedented underlying challenges makes it difficult to manage. This paper gives special focus on how state-of-the-art research efforts are
Borne, Isabelle +2 more
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The Evolution of Semantic Systems
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2004Abstract: Semantic or cultural systems are sets of concepts connected by meaningful relationships, and they exhibit properties similar to those of populations of biological organisms. Drawing upon ideas from evolutionary biology and methods from information technology, this article explores the potential for research and engineering on the evolution ...
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2012
Animals and plants have a complex and effective immune system that protect them from invading microorganisms. The mechanisms of immunity are evolutionarily selected throughout host-pathogen interaction to be tolerant to self-antigens and to recognize nonself molecular patterns. Plants and animals share a germ line encoded diversity of receptors capable
Ramon M. Rodriguez +2 more
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Animals and plants have a complex and effective immune system that protect them from invading microorganisms. The mechanisms of immunity are evolutionarily selected throughout host-pathogen interaction to be tolerant to self-antigens and to recognize nonself molecular patterns. Plants and animals share a germ line encoded diversity of receptors capable
Ramon M. Rodriguez +2 more
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The evolution of an immune system
Medical Hypotheses, 1979A model for the molecular evolution of an imune system is presented. It suggests how a system of cell surface-fixed antigen receptors, called FR, to be thought of as "primitive" but still functional antibodies, could evolve into the "modern" labile T cell and antibody system, the receptors for which may be called CER (clonal expansion receptors ...
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The evolution of the CEREC system
The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2006Early in 1980, the author anticipated the attraction of restoring posterior teeth with tooth-colored material. He conducted studies and developed the clinical concept of bonded ceramic inlays, at the same time raising the issue of the fast fabrication of the ceramic restorations.
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The Region as an Evolutive System
1995It may seem strange that, after four decades of existence of the Regional Science Association, the concept of the region is still a subject of discussion. Many things have changed however, some of them radically, since the first Isardian definitions.
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Evolution of mycorrhiza systems
Naturwissenschaften, 2000Most terrestrial plants live in mutualistic symbiosis with root-infecting mycorrhizal fungi. Fossil records and molecular clock dating suggest that all extant land plants have arisen from an ancestral arbuscular mycorrhizal condition. Arbuscular mycorrhizas evolved concurrently with the first colonisation of land by plants some 450-500 million years ...
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The Evolution of Social Systems
The Western Political Quarterly, 1979Jonathan Friedman +2 more
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2002
This authoritative Handbook provides a comprehensive account of migration and economic development throughout the world, in both developed and developing countries. Some of the world's most experienced researchers in this field look at how population redistribution patterns have impacted on urban development in a wide selection of advanced and ...
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This authoritative Handbook provides a comprehensive account of migration and economic development throughout the world, in both developed and developing countries. Some of the world's most experienced researchers in this field look at how population redistribution patterns have impacted on urban development in a wide selection of advanced and ...
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The systems approach to evolution
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2002R. J. P. Williams +1 more
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