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The evolution of an immune system

Medical Hypotheses, 1979
A model for the molecular evolution of an imune system is presented. It suggests how a system of cell surface-fixed antigen receptors, called FR, to be thought of as "primitive" but still functional antibodies, could evolve into the "modern" labile T cell and antibody system, the receptors for which may be called CER (clonal expansion receptors ...
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The Region as an Evolutive System

1995
It may seem strange that, after four decades of existence of the Regional Science Association, the concept of the region is still a subject of discussion. Many things have changed however, some of them radically, since the first Isardian definitions.
openaire   +3 more sources

Evolution of mycorrhiza systems

Naturwissenschaften, 2000
Most terrestrial plants live in mutualistic symbiosis with root-infecting mycorrhizal fungi. Fossil records and molecular clock dating suggest that all extant land plants have arisen from an ancestral arbuscular mycorrhizal condition. Arbuscular mycorrhizas evolved concurrently with the first colonisation of land by plants some 450-500 million years ...
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The Evolution of Social Systems

The Western Political Quarterly, 1979
Jonathan Friedman   +2 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Brain and other central nervous system tumor statistics, 2021

Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2021
Carol Kruchko   +2 more
exaly  

On urban systems evolution

2002
This authoritative Handbook provides a comprehensive account of migration and economic development throughout the world, in both developed and developing countries. Some of the world's most experienced researchers in this field look at how population redistribution patterns have impacted on urban development in a wide selection of advanced and ...
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The systems approach to evolution

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2002
R. J. P. Williams   +1 more
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A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity

Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2020
Lucy Boyce Kennedy
exaly  

Radiation therapy‐associated toxicity: Etiology, management, and prevention

Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2021
Kyle Wang
exaly  

Head and neck cancers—major changes in the American Joint Committee on cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual

Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2017
William M Lydiatt   +2 more
exaly  

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