Results 1 to 10 of about 662,376 (305)

A functional contextual, observer-centric, quantum mechanical, and neuro-symbolic approach to solving the alignment problem of artificial general intelligence: safe AI through intersecting computational psychological neuroscience and LLM architecture for emergent theory of mind

Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience
There have been impressive advancements in the field of natural language processing (NLP) in recent years, largely driven by innovations in the development of transformer-based large language models (LLM) that utilize “attention.” This approach employs ...
Darren J. Edwards
doaj   +1 more source

The Role of Labour Market Expectations and Admission Probabilities in Students' Application Decisions on Higher Education: the case of Hungary [PDF]

This paper analyses the effects of labour market expectations and admission probabilities on students' application strategies to higher education. The starting hypothesis of this study is that students consider the expected utility of their choices, a ...
Julia Varga
core  

Multi-Outcome Lotteries: Prospect Theory vs. Relative Utility [PDF]

This paper discusses two approaches for the analysis of multi-outcome lotteries. The first uses Cumulative Prospect Theory. The second is the Relative Utility Function, which strongly resembles the utility function hypothesized by Markowitz (1952). It is
Kontek, Krzysztof
core   +1 more source

Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tests For Distribution Function Similarity With Applications To Portfolios of Common Stock [PDF]

If the elements of the choice set in a decision model involving randomness are not arbitrary, but restricted appropriately, an expected utility ordering of them can be represented by a mean standard deviation ranking function.
Jack Meyer, Robert H. Rasche
core  

Employee Health Insurance Decisions In a Flexible Benefits Environment [PDF]

, 1992
Empirical investigations of flexible benefits plans, an increasingly popular type of plan that allows employees to choose among multiple benefits options, have been limited. This study investigates hypotheses relating to the determinants of employees\u27
Barringer, Melissa W., Milkovich, George T., Mitchell, Olivia S.   +2 more
core   +1 more source

The economics of insurance: a review and some recent developments. [PDF]

The present paper is devoted to different methods of choice under risk in an actuarial setting. The classical expected utility theory is first presented, and its drawbacks are underlined.
Denuit, M, Dhaene, Jan, Van Wouwe, Martine   +2 more
core  

A retrospective on Friedman’s Theory of Permanent Income [PDF]

, 2004
Friedman’s book on the “Consumption Function” is one of the great works of Economics demonstrating how the interplay between theoretical ideas and data analysis could lead to major policy implications.
Meghir, C.
core  

A clinically feasible algorithm for the parallel detection of glioma‐associated copy number variation markers based on shallow whole genome sequencing

The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research
Molecular features are incorporated into the integrated diagnostic system for adult diffuse gliomas. Of these, copy number variation (CNV) markers, including both arm‐level (1p/19q codeletion, +7/−10 signature) and gene‐level (EGFR gene amplification ...
Shuai Wu, Chenyu Ma, Jiawei Cai, Chenkang Yang, Xiaojia Liu, Chen Luo, Jingyi Yang, Zhang Xiong, Dandan Cao, Hong Chen   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Party Formation and Policy Outcomes Under Different Electoral Systems [PDF]

, 1998
This paper provides a game-theoretic model of representative democracy with endogenous party formation. Coalition formation may occur before and after elections, and the expected payoffs from the after-election majority game affect incentives-to form ...
Morelli, Massimo
core   +2 more sources

Utilitarianism and unequal longevities: A remedy? [PDF]

Classical utilitarianism, if coupled with standard assumptions such as the expected utility hypothesis and additive lifetime welfare, has the undesirable corollary to recommend a redistribution of resources from short-lived to long-lived agents, against ...
Grégory Ponthière, Marie-Louise Leroux
core