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Pharmaceutical expenditure, total health‐care expenditure and GDP
Health Economics, 2007AbstractThis paper analyses the evolution of pharmaceutical expenditure with respect to GDP for a group of the most important OECD economies. We find that this relationship is not stable across the sample considered (1960–2003), and heterogeneity is found in the temporal evolution of the variables and across countries.
Jesús, Clemente +2 more
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Tax Expenditure and Public Expenditure in the UK
Journal of Social Policy, 1986ABSTRACT‘Tax expenditures’ are public revenue losses which result from special allowances and reliefs given to various categories of taxpayer for reasons of economic and social policy. In 1983/4 tax expenditures in the personal income tax system cost nearly £11 billion which was equal to 35 per cent of revenue from personal income tax or 9 per cent of ...
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1995
Abstract Anyone wishing to express an opinion on the finances of the early modem state should reflect on the obligations of that state. Its first task, according to Fernand Braudel, was ‘to secure obedience, to gain for itself the monopoly of the use of force in a given society, neutralizing all the possible challenges inside it and ...
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Abstract Anyone wishing to express an opinion on the finances of the early modem state should reflect on the obligations of that state. Its first task, according to Fernand Braudel, was ‘to secure obedience, to gain for itself the monopoly of the use of force in a given society, neutralizing all the possible challenges inside it and ...
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2016
This dissertation endeavours to analyse the case Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service v Labat Africa Ltd and its consequences in order to conclude whether the tax law created by the court is sound. Specifically it looks at the progression of the case through the different courts, as well as the other court cases referred to in the ...
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This dissertation endeavours to analyse the case Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service v Labat Africa Ltd and its consequences in order to conclude whether the tax law created by the court is sound. Specifically it looks at the progression of the case through the different courts, as well as the other court cases referred to in the ...
openaire +3 more sources
How Expenditure Caps and Expenditure Targets Really Work
The Milbank Quarterly, 1993Every organized payment system must contain its costs in order to keep within revenue without denying benefits. Fixed expenditure caps requiring the provider to operate within its annual financial grant can be imposed on organizations like hospitals, but are fiercely resisted by the medical profession.
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The impact of R&D expenditures on CO2 emissions: Evidence from sixteen OECD countries
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Predrag Petrović
exaly