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Fast, furious, and gassy: Etna's explosive eruption from the mantle [PDF]
Earth and Planetary Science LettersHighlights • Magma in Etna's fall stratified eruption was extremely volatile-rich (9600 ppm CO2). • Magma ascended from storage at the Moho to the surface in
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Subaqueous Explosive Eruption and Welding of Pyroclastic Deposits
Science, 1992Silicic tuffs infilling an ancient submarine caldera, at Mineral King in California, show microscopic fabrics indicative of welding of glass shards and pumice at temperatures >500°C. The occurrence indicates that subaqueous explosive eruption and emplacement of pyroclastic materials can occur without substantial admixture of the ambient water, which
P, Kokelaar, C, Busby
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The dynamics of explosive volcanic eruptions
Reviews of Geophysics, 1995Explosive volcanic eruptions involve the ejection of dense mixtures of ash and gas from a volcanic vent at high speed and pressure. This mixture is generated as liquid magma rises from a crustal magma chamber and decompresses, exsolving water vapor. As gas is exsolved, the mixture inflates, accelerates, and becomes foam‐like.
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Intrusion triggering of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull explosive eruption
Nature, 2010Gradual inflation of magma chambers often precedes eruptions at highly active volcanoes. During such eruptions, rapid deflation occurs as magma flows out and pressure is reduced. Less is known about the deformation style at moderately active volcanoes, such as Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, where an explosive summit eruption of trachyandesite beginning on ...
Sigmundsson, F +15 more
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2001
During explosive volcanic eruptions, up to 1014 kg of volcanic ash may be erupted from a vent forming violent ash flows or towering eruption columns. This massive amount of material is subsequently deposited on the ground, with much of the coarser fraction of the flow being deposited within a few hundred kilometres of the volcanic edifice.
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During explosive volcanic eruptions, up to 1014 kg of volcanic ash may be erupted from a vent forming violent ash flows or towering eruption columns. This massive amount of material is subsequently deposited on the ground, with much of the coarser fraction of the flow being deposited within a few hundred kilometres of the volcanic edifice.
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Explosive and Eruptive Variable Stars
2018The breadth of activity among variable stars is almost overwhelming, and the possibilities of observing them seem almost endless. Many variables are followed by observers for their relatively slow pace of decline and recovery and enable one to gauge smooth light curves and collect data for a number of years.
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Strain-induced magma fragmentation in explosive eruptions
Nature, 1999Explosive eruptions are the most powerful and destructive type of volcanic activity. These eruptions are characterized by magma fragmentation, the process through which a bubbly or foamy magma is transformed into a gas-pyroclast dispersion. Although magma fragmentation has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically, and the basic transport
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A laboratory study of explosive volcanic eruptions
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1992This paper describes a series of laboratory experiments in which buoyant mixtures of methanol and ethylene glycol (MEG) are injected as a downward propagating jet into a tank of fresh water. As the MEG mixes with water, it becomes denser than the water.
Andrew W. Woods +1 more
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Climatic impact of explosive volcanic eruptions
Nature, 1984Major explosive volcanic eruptions inject ash and gas into the upper atmosphere, producing aerosol layers which can affect the global energy balance and climate1. Empirical studies have shown that major eruptions can produce a decrease in surface air temperature of up to a few tenths of a degree Celsius over the Northern Hemisphere land masses and that
Kelly, Mick, Sear, C.B.
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A discussion of the mechanisms of explosive basaltic eruptions
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2004Abstract Two contrasting models of the dynamics of explosive basaltic eruptions are in current usage. These are referred to as the rise speed dependent (RSD) model and the collapsing foam (CF) model. The basic assumptions of each model are examined, and it is found that neither model is flawed in any fundamental way.
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