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The development of the facial muscles in man
American Journal of Anatomy, 1967Morphogenesis and histogenesis of the facial muscles is described in human embryos and fetuses 4.2–360.0 mm (crown-rump length). The microscopic study was performed on 50 specimens that had been variously serially-sectioned and stained.
R. Gasser
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Associated movements in the oculomotor and facial muscles.
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry, 1946ABNORMAL motor phenomena belonging—generally speaking—to the vast group of hyperkineses do occur in the oculomotor muscles after incomplete recovery from a third nerve palsy.
R. Wartenberg
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Morphology of denervated human facial muscles.
ORL, 198417 biopsies of denervated facial muscles, the zygomatic, the orbicularis oris and the levator labii muscles, showed atrophic myofibers in most cases. There was loss of fiber typability when applying the NADH, the MAG and the alkaline ATPase reactions ...
S. Schwarting +3 more
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Searching for proprioceptors in human facial muscles
Neuroscience Letters, 2017The human craniofacial muscles innervated by the facial nerve typically lack muscle spindles. However these muscles have proprioception that participates in the coordination of facial movements. A functional substitution of facial proprioceptors by cutaneous mechanoreceptors has been proposed but at present this alternative has not been demonstrated ...
Juan L Cobo +4 more
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Quantitative ultrasonography of facial muscles
Muscle & Nerve, 2013Introduction: There is no standardized method for examination of facial muscles with ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to identify those facial muscles accessible for reliable identification and to provide reference data. Methods: In healthy subjects all facial muscles were screened for visibility, separation from adjacent muscles, and ...
G. Volk +5 more
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Mammalian facial muscles contain muscle spindles
The Anatomical Record, 2023AbstractMuscle spindles are sensory receptors in skeletal muscle that provide information on muscle length and velocity of contraction. Previous studies noted that facial muscles lack muscle spindles, but recent reports indicate that the human platysma muscle and “buccal” muscles contain spindles.
K. Madisen Omstead +4 more
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Guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin injection for facial contouring.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2022SUMMARY The hypertrophied temporalis and masseter muscles give a muscular shaped and bulky contour to the face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, adverse effects have been reported owing to a lack of
Kyu-Ho Yi +4 more
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